مقایسه استخراج آستاگزانتین از میگوی موزی (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) و سخت‌پوست گاماروس (Pontogammarus maeoticus) به کمک حلال آلی، روغن آفتابگردان و میکروامولسیون مایع یونی در آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• پریسا فیضی ¹
• یحیی مقصودلو ¹
• هدی شهیری طبرستانی ¹
• سید مهدی جعفری ¹
• امیر بحری ²

¹ گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، دانشکده صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

² گروه علوم شیلات، دانشکده شیلات، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحد بندرعباس، بندرعباس، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.2023.82949.1265

چکیده

آستاگزانتین رنگدانه­ی کاروتنوئیدی پرکاربرد در صنایع غذایی است که از منابع مختلف طبیعی و سنتزی به روش­های گوناگون استخراج می­شود. امروزه باتوجه به اثرات نامطلوب حلال­های آلی استفاده از حلال­های سبز رایج شده است. زیرا این حلال­ها نسبت به حلال­های آلی دوستدار محیط‌زیست بوده و ویژگی­هایی مانند فراریت و سمی بودن را ندارند. بنابراین این پژوهش با هدف استخراج آستاگزانتین تحت شرایط خیساندن به مدت 24ساعت با حلال آلی (مخلوط اتانول: اتیل استات (1:2))، حلال سبز (میکروامولسیون مایع یونی در آب) و روغن گیاهی (روغن آفتابگردان) از پوسته میگوی موزی (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) و سخت‌پوست گاماروس (Pontogammarus maeoticus) انجام شد. میکرو امولسیون مایع یونی در آب به‌عنوان حلالی جدید برای استخراج آستاگزانتین در نظر گرفته شد. تعیین چگالی، رسانایی و قطر از جمله ویژگی­های مورد آزمون میکروامولسیون بودند. بهترین شرایط برای استخراج، بیشترین میزان آستاگزانتین است که با به کارگیری حلال­ها و نسبت‌های حلال به نمونه 5 برابر، 5/12 برابر و 20 برابر تعیین شد. میزان آستاگزانتین، کاروتنوئید کل، درصد بازیافت و فعالیت مهار رادیکال DPPH آزمون­هایی بودند که برای بررسی آستاگزانتین استخراجی انجام شدند. طبق نتایج چگالی میکروامولسیون در محدوده 97151/0 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب، قطر آن 8/15 نانومتر و رسانایی 312 میکروزیمنس در دمای 1/27 درجه سانتی‌گراد تعیین شد. نتایج حاصل از استخراج آستاگزانتین با حلال­های مختلف در مقایسه با حلال اتانول بعنوان شاهد از لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار بود. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از استخراج آستاگزانتین از دو منبع میگوی موزی و سخت‌پوست گاماروس، میگوی موزی به‌عنوان منبع با بالاترین میزان آستاگزانتین استخراجی انتخاب شد. استفاده از حلال سبز(میکرو امولسیون مایع یونی در آب) در نسبت 5/12 برابر حلال به نمونه نیز به‌عنوان بهترین روش انتخاب شد. مقدار آستاگزانتین استخراج شده در بهترین شرایط 09/1 ± 44/77 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود. نتایج حاصل از مهار رادیکال DPPH توسط آستاگزانتین استخراج شده به کمک حلال­های ذکر شده در مقایسه با آنتی‌اکسیدان سنتتیک BHT نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت آستاگزانتین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی افزایش می­یابد. اما این افزایش همواره کمتر از فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی BHTبود. به‌طور کلی نتایج حاصل ازاین پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از میکروامولسیون مبتنی برمایع یونی جایگزین مناسبی برای روش‌های مرسوم دراستخراج و بازیابی آستاگزانتین ازمنابع زیستی طبیعی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آستاگزانتین
• سخت پوست گاماروس
• میکرو امولسیون مایع یونی
• میگوی موزی

موضوعات

• فناوری مواد غذایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison Astaxanthin Extraction of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis and Pontogammarus maeoticus by Using Organic Solvent, Sunflower Oil and Ionic Liquid Micro Emulsion

نویسندگان [English]

• Parisa Feizi ¹
• Yahya Maghsoudlou ¹
• Hoda Shahiri Tabarestani ¹
• Seyed Mahdi Jafari ¹
• Amir Bahri ²

¹ Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Food Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

² Department of Fisheries, Bandar Abbas Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Astaxanthin is a widely used carotenoid pigment in the food industry which is extracted from various natural and synthetic sources. Nowadays, due to the adverse effects of organic solvents green solvents which are non-toxic, non-volatile and environmentally friendly have been proposed. Therefore, this study focuses on comparison of the extraction of astaxanthin from shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) and Gammarus (Pontogammarus maeoticus) under soaking conditions for 24 hours with organic solvent (combination of ethanol with ethyl acetate), green solvent (microemulsion of ionic liquid in water) and vegetable oil (sunflower oil). Ionic liquid microemulsion in water is considered a newnovel solvent for astaxanthin extraction. Determination of density, conductivity and diameter were the characteristics of microemulsion test. In extraction,Solvent to sample ratios of 5x, 12.5x and 20x were used for the extraction and compared with the control sample.
 
Materials and Methods

merguiensis and P. maeoticus With species approval were procured from Persian Gulf Ecology Research Institute (Iran). Commercial astaxanthin (>98 % purity), α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). The HPLC grade ethanol, propanol, ethyl acetate,, tributyl octyl phosphonium bromide, Triton X-100, and n-butanol were obtained from Merck Chemicals Co. (Germany). Refined sunflower oil which was antioxidant-free, was also purchased from Hayat Company (Iran). The shell of F. merguiensis and P. maeoticus were carefully washed with distilled water, then freeze-dried (Christ-Alpha 1–4, LD freeze dryer, Germany) for 48 h at -50 °C. After sieving the powders with a laboratory sieve with a mesh smaller than 15 µm. The obtained powders were kept at Refrigerator. All experiments were done in the Food and Drug Administration Department of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.

 
Results and Discussion
 According to the results, the density of the microemulsion was determined in the range of 0.97151 g/cm³, its diameter was 15.8 nanometers and the conductivity was 312 microsiemens at 27.1°C. The results of astaxanthin extraction with different solvents in the comparison with control solvent were statistically significant (p< 0.05). According to the results obtained from the extraction of astaxanthin from two sources of shrimp and gammarus, shrimp was selected as the source with the highest amount of extracted astaxanthin. The use of green solvent (ionic liquid microemulsion in water) in a ratio of 12.5 times solvent to sample was also chosen as the optimal method. The amount of astaxanthin extracted under optimal conditions was 77.44 ± 1.09 mg/ml. The results of DPPH radical inhibition by extracted astaxanthin using ionic, oily and organic solvents compared to synthetic antioxidant BHT showed that the antioxidant activity increased with increasing the concentration of astaxanthin, but this increase was always lower than BHT.
 
Conclusion
In general, the results of this research show that the use of microemulsion based on ionic liquids is a suitable alternative to conventional methods in extracting and recovering astaxanthin from natural biological sources.
 
Acknowledgement
We are grateful to the Honorable Vice-Chancellor of Hormozgan Food and Drug Administration for the help in using the Hormozgan Food and Drug Laboratory to conduct the experiments of this doctoral thesis.







 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Astaxanthin
• Ionic liquid micro emulsion
• Fenneropenaeus merguiensis
• Pontogammarus maeoticus

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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