ارزیابی ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی ناگت مرغ بدون گلوتن حاوی آرد کینوا و هیدروکسی‌پروپیل متیل سلولز (HPMC)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• غزال شکاری ¹
• الناز میلانی ²
• الهام آذرپژوه ³

¹ گروه مهندسی علوم و صنایع غذایی، مؤسسه آموزش عالی جهاد دانشگاهی کاشمر، کاشمر، ایران

² پژوهشکده علوم و فناوری مواد غذایی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران

³ بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.2022.75369.1149

چکیده

بیماری سلیاک از شایع‏ترین بیماری‏های مرتبط با تغذیه می­باشد. ناگت مرغ از غذاهای فوری و آماده مصرف بسیار پرطرفدار است که از اصلی‏ترین ترکیبات پوشش‌دهنده در فرمول‌ آن، آرد گندم است که تقریباً 60 درصد گلوتن دارد. کینوا شبه‏غله‏ای فاقد گلوتن است که به‌عنوان منبع خوبی از فیبر رژیمی، کاربردهای متنوعی در سیستم فرآوری فرآورده‏های گوشتی به‌عنوان تثبیت­کننده، جایگزین چربی، اجزای ساختاری و غیره دارد. افزودن هیدروکلوئیدها نیز به بهبود خصوصیات رئولوژیکی محصولات فاقد گلوتن کمک می‏کند. هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی اثر آرد مخلوط کینوا-ذرت در تهیه خمیرآبه ناگت به‌عنوان ترکیبی فاقد گلوتن و جایگزین آرد گندم و همچنین بررسی اثر افزودن هیدروکلویید HPMC بر ویژگی نهایی فرآورده بود. در این پژوهش طرح مرکب مرکزی چرخش‏پذیر به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر 2 متغیر مستقل شامل نسبت‏های مختلف آرد کینوا-ذرت (100-0، 50-50، 0-100 درصد) و سطوح مختلف هیدروکلویید (5/1-1-5/0 درصد) بر ویژگی‏های کیفی ناگت استفاده شد. با افزایش درصد جایگزینی کینوا، رطوبت (60/0)، جذب خمیرآبه (138) و میزان قرمزی 5/5 (a*) افزایش، و میزان روغن (11)، سفتی بافت (5/7)، میزان روشنایی 41 (L*)، میزان زردی 20 (b*) کاهش یافت. افزایش HPMC نیز سبب افزایش محتوای رطوبت (59/0)، میزان روشنایی 39/0 (L*) و جذب خمیرآبه (137) و کاهش میزان روغن (10) و سفتی بافت (7) شد. شرایط بهینه تولید ناگت فاقد گلوتن با در نظر گرفتن مقادیر مطلوب جهت تولید فرآورده‏ای با کیفیت بالا و سالم شامل 90 درصد کینوا و HPMC در سطح حدودا 1 درصد تعیین گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• امولسیفایر
• سلیاک
• کینوا
• ناگت
• هیدروکلویید

موضوعات

• فناوری مواد غذایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Gluten-free Chicken Nuggets Containing Quinoa Flour and Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC)

نویسندگان [English]

• Ghazal Shekari ¹
• Elnaz Milani ²
• Elham Azarpazhooh ³

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, ACECR Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran

² Food Research Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Central Jihad Organization of Khorasan Razavi University, Mashhad, Iran

³ Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Celiac disease is one of the most common digestive disorder. Chicken nugget is one of the most popular instant and ready-to-eat foods, and wheat flour is one of its main coating ingredients, which contains approximately 60% gluten. Quinoa is a gluten-free grain, as a good source of dietary fiber, has various applications in the meat products processing system as a stabilizer, fat substitute, structural components, etc. The addition of hydrocolloids also helps to improve the rheological properties of gluten-free products. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of quinoa-corn mixed flour in the preparation of nugget batter as a gluten-free combination as an alternative to wheat flour, and also to investigate the effect of adding HPMC hydrocolloid on the final product characteristics. In this research, a rotatable central composite design was used to investigate the effect of two independent variables including different proportions of quinoa-corn flour (0-100, 50-50, 100-0%) and different levels of hydrocolloid (0.5-1-1.5%) on the quality characteristics of nugget. With the increase of quinoa replacement level, moisture content (0.60), batter pick up (138) and redness level 5.5 (a*) increased, and oil content (11), hardness (7.5), brightness level 41(L*), yellowness level 20(b*) decreased. The increase of HPMC also caused an increase in moisture content (0.59), brightness level (L*) of 0.39, batter pick up (137) and decrease in oil content (10) and hardness (7). Optimum conditions for the production of gluten-free nugget were determined by considering the optimal amounts for the production of high quality and healthy products, contained 90% quinoa and HPMC at a level of about 1%.
 
Materials and Methods
 Corn flour was purchased from the pilot of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The de-saponified quinoa was prepared from Kashmir and then ground. In order to make the grains more uniform, both flours were sieved using a 30 mesh. Hydrocolloid hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was also prepared from Kian Shimi Mashhad. Oyla frying oil was used for frying the samples.
The chicken nugget formulation was a mixture of 86% minced chicken, 10% onion, 1.5% garlic powder, 1% salt and 1.5% pepper. After complete mixing, these materials were poured into a freezer bag until a homogeneous and uniform mixture was obtained, and they were flatted until they reached the desired thickness (1 cm). Plastics containing chicken paste were stored in the freezer for 2 hours to facilitate cutting. Then molding was done with a circular mold with a diameter of 4 cm (Dehghan Nasiri et al., 2012).The batter formulation consisted of flour, water, baking powder, salt and hydrocolloids. In order to investigate the effect of quinoa and corn flours, and hydrocolloids, these substances were added to nugget water paste in different percentages (quinoa-corn ratio: 0-100, 50-50, 0-100 and hydrocolloids at the level of 1-1 / 5 -0.5%) and then mixed with water by mixer for 1 minute. The molded samples were first coated with flour and then immersed in the batter for 60 seconds and dripped for 30 seconds. Finally, deep frying was performed in the fryer at 170 ° C for 3.5 minutes. The fried samples were taken out of the fryer basket and the excess oil on the surface of the nuggets was removed with absorbent paper. The oil was changed after twice frying. After cooling the samples at room temperature, the tests such as moisture content, oil content, texture (hardness), color, batter pick up, peroxide and overall acceptance were performed.
In this study, Design Expert 10.0.7 software and a rotatable central composite design to investigate the effect of two independent variables including different ratios of quinoa-corn flour (0-100, 50-50, 0-100%) and hydrocolloid (0.5-1-1.5%), Was used on the quality characteristics of the nugget. Finally, different models were fitted to the data obtained from the experiments and the best model was selected according to the results of analysis of variance.
 
Results and Discussion
With increasing quinoa replacement level, moisture content, redness (a*) and pH increased and oil content, batter pick up, texture (hardness), brightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and cooking loss decreased. Increasing the HPMC also increased the moisture content, brightness (L*), cooking loss, batter pick up, and decreased oil content and hardness. Optimum condition for production of gluten-free chicken nuggets, considering the appropriate properties was found to be 90% quinoa flour and 1% HPMC.
 
Conclusion
 In general, it can be concluded that the addition of quinoa and HPMC leads to the production of high quality products with high moisture and low oil content and high nutritional value.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Celiac
• Chicken nugget
• Gluten free
• HPMC
• Quinoa

[1]©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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