اثر تیماردهی با امواج مایکروویو بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی و کارایی فرآیند خشک شدن آلبالو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فخرالدین صالحی
• معین اینانلودوقوز
• سارا قزوینه
• پریسا مرادخانی

گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.2023.83605.1272

چکیده

آلبالو خشک‌شده ماندگاری زیادی دارد و می‌تواند جایگزین خوبی برای میوه تازه باشد. در این پژوهش اثر اعمال پیش‌تیمار مایکروویو بر محتوای فنل کل، زمان خشک‌شدن، ضریب نفوذ مؤثر رطوبت، شاخص تغییرات رنگ کلی، چروکیدگی و آبگیری مجدد آلبالو بررسی و سینتیک خشک شدن آن مدل‌سازی شد. برای اعمال پیش‌تیمار مایکروویو، آلبالوها به‌مدت 0، 30، 60، 90 و 120 ثانیه داخل دستگاه مایکروویو قرار گرفتند و بعد از خروج از دستگاه، به‌صورت لایه‌نازک داخل خشک‌کن با دمای 70 درجه سلسیوس قرار گرفتند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تیمار مایکروویو، به‌صورت معنی‌داری سبب افزایش سرعت خروج رطوبت از آلبالوها، افزایش ضریب نفوذ مؤثر رطوبت و در نتیجه باعث کاهش زمان خشک‌کردن آلبالوها شد (0/50>p). با افزایش زمان تیمار مایکروویو از صفر به 120 ثانیه، میانگین زمان خشک شدن آلبالوها در خشک‌کن 32 درصد کاهش یافت. همچنین با افزایش زمان تیمار مایکروویو از صفر به 120 ثانیه، متوسط ضریب نفوذ مؤثر رطوبت 85 درصد افزایش یافت (0/50>p). حداکثر مقدار فنل مربوط به نمونه تیمار شده با مایکروویو به‌مدت 90 ثانیه بود. با افزایش اعمال تیمار مایکروویو، شاخص تغییرات رنگ نمونه‌ها افزایش یافت، البته این تغییر معنی‌دار نبود (0/50<p). با اعمال بیش از 60 ثانیه مایکروویو، به علت افزایش سرعت خروج رطوبت از نمونه و کاهش زمان خشک شدن، چروکیدگی نمونه‌ها نیز به‌صورت معنی‌داری کاهش یافت (0/50>p). زمان اعمال امواج مایکروویو تأثیر معنی‌داری بر آبگیری مجدد آلبالوهای خشک‌شده نداشت. مدل پیج به‌عنوان مدل مناسب برای پیش‌بینی کننده تغییرات نسبت رطوبت تحت شرایط مورد آزمایش انتخاب شد. در مجموع، اعمال 120ثانیه مایکروویو پیش از فرآیند خشک‌کردن آلبالو به‌دلیل حفظ ترکیبات فنلی، افزایش سرعت انتقال جرم و کاهش زمان خشک‌کردن، توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• چروکیدگی
• خشک کردن
• ضریب نفوذ مؤثر رطوبت
• فنل کل

موضوعات

• مهندسی مواد غذایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Microwave Treatment on Physicochemical Characteristics and Efficiency of Sour Cherry Drying Process

نویسندگان [English]

• Fakhreddin Salehi
• Moein Inanloodoghouz
• Sara Ghazvineh
• Parisa Moradkhani

Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) are relatively diverse and broadly distributed around the world, being found in Asia, Europe, and North America. Sour cherries have unique anthocyanin content, and rich in phenolic compounds. The fruits are generally used for processing purposes, such as for production juice and jam. The fruits of sour cherries can also be frozen and dried. One of the best methods for the preservation of agricultural product is drying, which involves removing water from the manufactured goods. Dried sour cherries have a long shelf life and therefore may be a fine alternative to fresh fruit all year round. There are no reports on the effect of microwave pretreatment on the hot air drying kinetics of sour cherries in the literature. Hence, the purpose of this study was to estimate the impacts of microwave pretreatment on the total phenolics, drying time, mass transfer kinetic, effective moisture diffusivity, total color difference index, shrinkage and rehydration of sour cherry. In addition, the moisture ratio changes of sour cherry during drying were modeled.
 
Material and Methods
Sour cherries were purchased from the market at Bahar, Hamedan Province, Iran. The average diameter of fresh sour cherries was 1.6 cm. In this study, the water content of fresh and dried sour cherries was calculated using an oven at 103°C for 5 h (Shimaz, Iran). In this research, the effect of microwave time on the drying time, effective moisture diffusivity coefficient and rehydration of sour cherries was investigated and drying kinetics were modeled. To apply the microwave pretreatment on the sour cherries, a microwave oven (Gplus, Model; GMW-M425S.MIS00, Goldiran Industries Co., Iran) was used under atmospheric pressure. In this work, the influence of the microwave pretreatment time at five levels of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 s (power=220W) on the cherries was examined. After taking out the treated sour cherries from microwave device, the samples were placed in the hot-air dryer (70°C) as a thin layers. The dehydration kinetics of sour cherries were explained using 7 simplified drying equations. Fick's second law of diffusion using spherical coordinates was used to calculate the moisture diffusivity of sour cherries at various hot-air drying conditions. The rehydration test was conducted with a water bath (R.J42, Pars Azma Co., Iran). Dried sour cherries were weighed and immersed for 30 min in distilled water in a 250 ml glass beaker at 50°C.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that microwave treatment led to an increase in moisture removal rate from the sour cherries, an increase in the effective moisture diffusivity coefficient, and, consequently, a decrease in drying time. By increasing the microwave time from 0 to 12 s, the average drying time of sour cherries in the hot-air dryer was decreased from 370 min to 250 min (p<0.05). The average effective moisture diffusivity coefficient calculated for the samples placed in the hot-air dryer was 4.25×10^-10 m²/s. Increasing the microwave time from 0 to 120 s increased the average effective moisture diffusivity coefficient by 85%. The maximum amount of phenolic was related to the sample treated with microwave for 90 seconds. Microwave treatment time had no significant effect on the rehydration of dried sour cherries.
 
Conclusion
Kinetic modeling of weight changes of sour cherries during drying was carried out using models in the sources, followed the Page model was selected as the best model to predict moisture ratio changes under the selected experimental conditions. The mean values of sum of squares due to error, root mean square error, and r for all samples ranged from 0.001 to 0.007, 0.005 to 0.017, and 0.997 to 0.999, respectively. Generally, 120 s pre-treatment by microwave is the best condition for drying sour cherries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Drying
• Effective moisture diffusivity coefficient
• Shrinkage
• Total phenol

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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