با همکاری انجمن علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی مواد و طراحی صنایع غذایی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

پرتودهی متناوب روش فرآوری نوینی در صنایع غذایی است که طی آن دمای سطحی محصول ثابت نگه داشته می‌شود. در این پژوهش، سینتیک تغییرات رنگ برش‌های سیب با هدف حفظ کیفیت ظاهری طی فرآیند آنزیم‌بری خشک و آب‌زدایی هم‌زمان با پرتودهی متناوب مادون قرمز، بررسی شد. بدین منظور، برش‌های سیب (واریته زرد لبنانی) در سه ضخامت 5، 9 و 13 میلی‌متر در سه دمای سطحی ثابت محصول 70، 75 و °C80 خشک شدند. پارامترهای روشنایی (L)، قرمزی (a)، زردی (b)، شدت تغییرات رنگ (∆E)، کروما (Cr) و اندیس قهوه‌ای شدن (BI) با استفاده از مدل تبدیل جزء، طی فرآوری محصول توصیف شدند. مقدار تعادلی شاخص‌های رنگی (Cf) به عنوان شاخصی جهت مقایسه شرایط مختلف فرآروی استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که کنترل دمای سطحی محصول و ضخامت در جلوگیری از تیرگی محصول طی آنزیم‌بری و آب‌زدایی موثر است. در واقع، رنگ مطلوب محصول (روشنایی بیشتر، قرمزی کمتر و زردی بیشتر) با کاهش دما و افزایش ضخامت مشاهده شد. اگرچه ضخامت محصول روی فاکتور زردی تاثیر معکوس و اندکی نشان داد (583/62 و 491/57 به ترتیب برای ضخامت 5 و 13 میلی‌متر در دمای °C70). شدت تیرگی رنگ وابستگی زیادی به ضخامت محصول داشت.کاهش دمای سطحی موجب کاهش غیرمعنی‌دار اندیس قهوه‌ای‌شدن گردید (761/104، 482/108 و 99/162به‌ترتیب برای دمای 70، 75 و °C80 در ضخامت 5 میلی‌متر). این امر نشان‌‌دهنده این واقعیت است که عملیات همزمان آنزیم‌بری خشک و آب‌زدایی با دمای سطحی ثابت محصول می‌تواند از وقوع واکنش‌های نامطلوب تیرگی رنگ جلوگیری نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Fractional conversion modeling of color changes in apple during simultaneous dry-blanching and dehydration process using intermittent infrared irradiation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Sabbaghi
  • Aman Mohammad Ziaiifar
  • Mahdi Kashani-Nejad

Food Processing Engineering Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Color is the most important feature of food appearance, since it strongly affects consumer acceptance. The abnormal color is closely related to degradation of food quality or food spoilage. Various factors affecting color of the product include the composition and surface properties of the foodstuff, process conditions (temperature and time), and the type of pretreatment processes. Therefore, for the design of a new process, kinetic modeling is essential for extracting basic kinetic information in a system to predict changes. Intermittent irradiation is the novel processing method in food industry which the surface temperature of product is kept constant. Darkening process occur in the fruit slices during drying, resulting in undesirable color changes. Undesirable color variations can be attributed to Millard's browning reactions between sugar and amine compounds or ascorbic acid oxidation. Thermal degradation kinetic models define maximum maintenance conditions for qualitative factors to produce a safe food. Color descriptive models are known as zero order, first order, and fractional conversion model. The fractional conversion model represents the response rate required at a given time to complete a phenomenon. This modeling is necessary for designing online quality control systems for thermal processing in the food industry and preserving the apparent quality of the product by optimizing the most important drying parameters. In this study, the kinetic of color changes in apple slices was investigated, in order to maintain appearance quality of product during simultaneous infrared dry-blanching and dehydration with intermittent irradiation.

Materials and Methods: Apple slices (Golden Delicious Variety) were dried in three thicknesses of 5, 9 and 13 mm using three constant surface temperatures of 70, 75 and 80 ° C. Image acquisition of apple slices was made use of a flatbed scanner with an interval of 15 minutes during processing. The treated samples were placed on the scanner and then a black box was utilized so as to prevent the interferences of the peripheral lights. The images featured a 300 dpi quality and were saved in TIFF-24 bit format. The color analysis of the images was carried out in color space of L*a*b* by the use ImageJ software, version 1.6.0. The lightness parameter (L), redness (a), yellowness (b), the intensity of the color changes (∆E), chroma (Cr) and browning index (BI) were described during product processing using fractional conversion model. Equilibrium color parameters (Cf) were also used as an indicator to compare different process conditions. The fitting of the model was done using the curve fitting toolbox in the 2009 version of the MATLAB software with 95% confidence level (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blanching
  • Dehydration
  • Infrared
  • Color
  • Fractional conversion model
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