Numerical calculation of the lethality of becteria in bottled milk under cold plasma treatment

Document Type : Research Article-en

Author

• Azadeh Ranjbar Nedamani

Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.2023.81316.1238

Abstract

In recent years, cold plasma is one of the expected alternatives for post-harvest treatments and post-harvest management of products. A surface discharge plasma system was used for investigating the destruction time of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and Clostridium botulinum in bottled milk. The simulation was performed by COMSOL a3.5 software for a two-dimensional geometry. The collected experimental data were simulated in COMSOL software. The k factor of microorganism deactivation data was used to validate the simulated data. Results showed that the production of reactive oxygen species during plasma treatment increases with time and extends to the entire container. The concentration of reactive oxygen species (at the output of the plasma probe) at the beginning of the production was high, and at the end when they leave the free surface of the milk, the concentration decreased. Increasing the initial temperature of milk sample, from 50 to 80℃, can cause significant changes in the amount of ozone from 125 mol/m³ to 266 mol/m³, respectively (p <0.05). However, voltage changes in these two temperatures did not show a significant effect on ozone concentration. Also, immediately upon the initiation of plasma treatment, plasma destruction begins where the concentration of active species is higher. It is shown that among the four studied bacteria, Bacillus stearothermophilus has the highest resistance against cold plasma, and after that other bacteria have shown similar resistance. Finally, it can be concluded that the deep plasma treatment in bottle can make it possible to overcome the surface limitation of cold plasma treatment.

Keywords

• Cold plasma
• Milk
• Sterilization
• Pasteurization

Main Subjects

• Food Technology

References

1. Aslan, Y. (2016). The effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment on the microorganisms found in raw cow’s milk. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(2), 169-173. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.34744
2. Bahreini, M., Anvar, S. A., Nowruzi, B., & Sari, A. H. (2021). Effects of the cold atmospheric plasma treatment technology on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli populations in raw milk. Journal of Nutrition, Fasting and Health, 9(4 (Spe), 296-305.
3. Bakshi, A., & Smith, D. (1984). Effect of fat content and temperature on viscosity in relation to pumping requirements of fluid milk products. Journal of Dairy Science, 67(6), 1157-1160. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81417-4
4. Balthazar, C., Pimentel, T., Ferrão, L., Almada, C., Santillo, A., Albenzio, M., Mollakhalili, N., Mortazavian, A., Nascimento, J. S., & Silva, M. (2017). Sheep milk: physicochemical characteristics and relevance for functional food development. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(2), 247-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12250
5. Dash, S., & Jaganmohan, R. (2022). Stability and shelf-life of plasma bubbling treated cow milk. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.18.480824
6. De Jong, P. (2008). Thermal processing of milk. Advanced dairy science and technology, 1-34.
7. Eazhumalai, G., Ranjitha Gracy, T., Mishra, A., & Annapure, U. S. (2021). Atmospheric pressure nonthermal pin to plate plasma system for the microbial decontamination of oat milk. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, e16181. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16181
8. Farrell Jr, H., Wickham, E., Unruh, J., Qi, P., & Hoagland, P. (2001). Secondary structural studies of bovine caseins: temperature dependence of β-casein structure as analyzed by circular dichroism and FTIR spectroscopy and correlation with micellization. Food Hydrocolloids, 15(4-6), 341-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(01)00080-7
9. Ghanem, T. (2010). Dielectric properties of liquid foods affected by moisture contents and temperatures. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 27(2), 688-698. 21608/mjae.2010.105937
10. Gurol, C., Ekinci, F., Aslan, N., & Korachi, M. (2012). Low temperature plasma for decontamination of coli in milk. International journal of food microbiology, 157(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.02.016
11. Ibarz, A., & Barbosa-Cánovas, G. V. (2002). Unit operations in food engineering. CRC press. 491- 500.
12. Jiang, Y., Zhang, L., Wen, D., & Ding, Y. (2016). Role of physical and chemical interactions in the antibacterial behavior of ZnO nanoparticles against coli. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 69, 1361-1366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.044
13. Kim, H.-H., & Jiménez-Flores, R. (1995). Heat-induced interactions between the proteins of milk fat globule membrane and skim milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 78(1), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76612-7
14. Kim, H.-J., Yong, H. I., Park, S., Kim, K., Choe, W., & Jo, C. (2015). Microbial safety and quality attributes of milk following treatment with atmospheric pressure encapsulated dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Food Control, 47, 451-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.053
15. Liao, X., Liu, D., Xiang, Q., Ahn, J., Chen, S., Ye, X., & Ding, T. (2017). Inactivation mechanisms of non-thermal plasma on microbes: A review. Food Control, 75, 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.12.021
16. Liao, X., Su, Y., Liu, D., Chen, S., Hu, Y., Ye, X., Wang, J., & Ding, T. (2018). Application of atmospheric cold plasma-activated water (PAW) ice for preservation of shrimps (Metapenaeus ensis). Food Control, 94, 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.026
17. Misnal, M. F. I., Redzuan, N., Zainal, M. N. F., Ahmad, N., Ibrahim, R. K. R., & Agun, L. (2022). Cold plasma: A potential alternative for rice grain postharvest treatment management in Malaysia. Rice Science, 29(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2021.12.001
18. Nishime, T., Borges, A., Koga-Ito, C., Machida, M., Hein, L., & Kostov, K. (2017). Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet applied to inactivation of different microorganisms. Surface and Coatings Technology, 312, 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.07.076
19. Niveditha, A., Pandiselvam, R., Prasath, V. A., Singh, S. K., Gul, K., & Kothakota, A. (2021). Application of cold plasma and ozone technology for decontamination of Escherichia coli in foods-a review. Food Control, 130, 108338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108338
20. Ranjbar Nedamani, A. (2022). Finding Effective Plasma Process Factors on Yeast Deactivation by Numerical Simulation and RSM. Iranian Food Science and Technology Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.2022.75558.1152
21. Ranjbar Nedamani, A., & Hashemi, S. J. (2022). Energy consumption computing of cold plasma‐assisted drying of apple slices (Yellow Delicious) by numerical simulation. Journal of Food Process Engineering, e14019. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.14019
22. Schlüter, O., & Fröhling, A. (2014). Non-thermal processing cold plasma for bioefficient food processing. 948-953.
23. Sharma, S., & Singh, R. K. (2022). Effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma treatment time and composition of feed gas on properties of skim milk. LWT, 154, 112747. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112747
24. Soni, A., Choi, J., & Brightwell, G. (2021). Plasma-activated water (paw) as a disinfection technology for bacterial inactivation with a focus on fruit and vegetables. Foods, 10(1), 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10010166
25. Surowsky, B., Fischer, A., Schlueter, O., & Knorr, D. (2013). Cold plasma effects on enzyme activity in a model food system. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 19, 146-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2013.04.002
26. Surowsky, B., Schlüter, O., & Knorr, D. (2014). Interactions of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma with solid and liquid food systems: A Review. Food Engineering Reviews, 7(2), 82-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-014-9088-5
27. Tabibian, S. (2019). Experimental study and CFD modeling of fluidized-bed reactors combined with atmospheric-pressure plasma jets for surface treatment of particles, Sorbonne Université.
28. Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Yang, H., & Zhu, X. (2020). Gas phase surface discharge plasma model for yeast inactivation in water. Journal of Food Engineering, 286, 110117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110117
29. Wu, X., Luo, Y., Zhao, F., & Mu, G. (2021). Influence of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma on physicochemical property of milk for sterilization. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 18(1), 1900219. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201900219