بررسی پتانسیل گوشت کشت شده: پیشرفت‌های فناورانه، چشم‌انداز پایداری و چالش‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری لاتین

نویسندگان

• محمدپویا رمضانی
• علی معتمدزادگان

گروه علوم و غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.2024.87796.1329

چکیده

دامپروری سنتی به‌دلیل اثرات زیانبار بر محیط‌زیست و محدودیت در امکان توسعه مقیاس تولید، یکی از عوامل اصلی چالش جهانی عدم امنیت غذایی محسوب می‌شود. کشت سلول‌های جانوری در شرایط کنترل شده، منجر به تولید گوشت کشت داده شده یا گوشت مصنوعی گردیده که می‌تواند گزینه‌ای اخلاقی‌تر و سازگارتر با محیط‌زیست برای تأمین امنیت غذایی باشد. این مقاله مروری، پتانسیل گوشت مصنوعی را با تحلیل دقیق تأثیرات آن بر سیستم‌های جهانی تولید و توزیع مواد غذایی، چشم‌انداز پایداری آن، پیشرفت‌های تکنولوژیکی حاصل شده و موانع پیش رو، برای رفع معضل امنیت غذایی مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌دهد. تحلیل چرخه حیات نشان می‌دهد تولید گوشت مصنوعی، اثرات زیست‌محیطی به مراتب کمتری نسبت به گوشت سنتی دارد. پیشرفت‌های علمی مهم در زمینه‌های فناوری داربست‌ها، مهندسی بافت و طراحی بیوراکتورها، تولید گوشت مصنوعی را به تجاری‌سازی نزدیک‌تر کرده است. با این حال، موانع قابل توجهی نیز وجود دارد که باید مرتفع شوند؛ از جمله امکان تولید انبوه در مقیاس بزرگ با هزینه مقرون به صرفه، تطبیق با چارچوب‌های پیچیده قانون‌گذاری و نظارتی، تضمین ایمنی و سلامت محصول و افزایش پذیرش آن از سوی مصرف‌کنندگان. برای غلبه بر این چالش‌ها و تحقق وعده گوشت مصنوعی در راستای بهبود امنیت غذایی و تغذیه، حفظ پایداری محیط‌زیست و رعایت رفاه حیوانات، اتخاذ رویکردی میان‌رشته‌ای که ابعاد علمی، فنی، قانونی و اجتماعی را در نظر می‌گیرد، امری ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• امنیت غذایی
• پایداری
• داربست‌سازی
• طراحی بیوراکتور
• گوشت کشت شده

موضوعات

• زیست فناوری مواد غذایی

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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