Preharvest Melatonin and Postharvest Xanthan Gum Coating Maintain the Quality of Orlando Tangelos during Storage

Document Type : Research Article-en

Authors

• Sakineh Molaei Mohammad Abadi
• Somaye Rastegar

Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.2024.87553.1324

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effects of preharvest spraying of melatonin and postharvest immersion in xanthan gum on the quality and postharvest performance of Orlando tangelo mandarin fruits. After selecting suitable and uniform trees, melatonin foliar spraying was performed at three different concentrations: 0,100 μM, and 200 μM. Foliar spraying was performed one month before harvest and was repeated three times at weekly intervals. Furthermore, the fruits were immersed in two different concentrations of xanthan gum (0.1% and 0.2%) postharvest, these fruits were stored in a cold room at 5 ± 1 °C. Evaluation of fruit characteristics was carried out at the time of harvest and after 45 and 90 days of cold storage. The results showed that foliar spraying of melatonin at a concentration of 100 μM showed the highest weight and pulp of the fruit. Furthermore, melatonin treatment resulted in higher levels of ascorbic acid and increased fruit acidity compared to the control. During storage, fruits treated with melatonin and xanthan coatings showed better quality than those of the control. At the end of the experiment, the lowest weight loss was observed in fruits treated with 200 μM melatonin + 0.1% xanthan. The highest ascorbic acid content was observed in the 100 μM melatonin +0.1% xanthan. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed in 100 μM and 200 μM +0.1% xanthan and also 100 μM melatonin alone. In general, the findings suggest that preharvest foliar spraying and the postharvest application of xanthan coatings can be effective strategies for maintaining Orlando tangelo quality during cold storage.

Keywords

• Citrus
• Melatonin
• Spraying
• Storage
• Xanthan gum

Main Subjects

• Food Chemistry

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

References

1. Arabia, A., Munne-Bosch, S., & Muñoz, P. (2022). Melatonin triggers tissue-specific changes in anthocyanin and hormonal contents during postharvest decay of Angeleno plums. Plant Science, 320, 111287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111287
2. Ayranci, E., & Tunc, S. (2004). The effect of edible coatings on water and vitamin C loss of apricots (Armeniaca vulgaris) and green peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Food Chemistry, 87(3), 339-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.12.003
3. Bajaj, K., Kumar, A., Gill, P.P.S., Jawandha, S.K., & Kaur, N. (2024). Xanthan gum coatings augmented with lemongrass oil preserve postharvest quality and antioxidant defense system of Kinnow fruit under low-temperature storage. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 129776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129776
4. Bal, E. (2019). Physicochemical changes in ‘Santa Rosa’ plum fruit treated with melatonin during cold storage. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 13, 1713-1720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-019-00088-6
5. Baraiya, N.S., Ramana Rao, T.V., & Thakkar, V.R. (2016). Composite coating as a carrier of antioxidants improves the postharvest shelf life and quality of table grapes (Vitis vinifera var. Thompson Seedless). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 18(1), 93-107.
6. Blokhina, O., Virolainen, E., & Fagerstedt, K.V. (2003). Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Annals of Botany, 91(2), 179-194. https://doi.org/10.1093/ aob/mcf118
7. Bor, J.Y., Chen, H.Y., & Yen, G.C. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production of some common vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(5), 1680-1686. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0527448
8. Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M., & Berset, C. (1995). Antioxidative activity of phenolic composition of commercial extracts of sage and rosemary. Lwt, 28, 25–30.
9. Carrión-Antolí, A., Martínez-Romero, D., Guillén, F., Zapata, P.J., Serrano, M., & Valero, D. (2022). Melatonin pre-harvest treatments leads to maintenance of sweet cherry quality during storage by increasing antioxidant systems. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 863467. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.863467
10. Dong, F., & Wang, X. (2018). Guar gum and ginseng extract coatings maintain the quality of sweet cherry. Lwt, 89, 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.035
11. Food and Agriculture Organization – FAO. (2020). International year of fruits and vegetables Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb2395en/. Food and Drug Approvals-FD. 2020. https://www.fda.gov
12. Gad, M.M., & Zagzog, O.A. (2017). Mixing xanthan gum and chitosan nano particles to form new coating for maintaining storage life and quality of elmamoura guava fruits. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(11), 1582-1591. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.190
13. Golly, M.K., Ma, H., Sarpong, F., Dotse, B.P., Oteng-Darko, P., & Dong, Y. (2019). Shelf-life extension of grape (Pinot noir) by xanthan gum enriched with ascorbic and citric acid during cold temperature storage. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56, 4867-4878.
14. Guccione, E., Allegra, A., Farina, V., Inglese, P., & Sortino, G. (2023). Use of xanthan gum and calcium ascorbate to prolong cv. Butirra pear slices shelf life during storage. Advances in Horticultural Science, 37(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13872
15. Khatri, D., Panigrahi, J., Prajapati, A., & Bariya, H. (2020). Attributes of Aloe vera gel and chitosan treatments on the quality and biochemical traits of post-harvest tomatoes. Scientia Horticulturae, 259, 108837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108837
16. Kittur, F.S., Saroja, N., Habibunnisa, & Tharanathan, R. (2001). Polysaccharide-based composite coating formulations for shelf-life extension of fresh banana and mango. European Food Research and Technology, 213, 306-311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170100363
17. Kumar, A., & Saini, C.S. (2021). Edible composite bi-layer coating based on whey protein isolate, xanthan gum and clove oil for prolonging shelf life of tomatoes. Measurement: Food, 2, 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meafoo.2021.100005
18. Liu, J., Yue, R., Si, M., Wu, M., Cong, L., Zhai, R., Yang, C., Wang, Z., Ma, F., & Xu, L. (2019). Effects of exogenous application of melatonin on quality and sugar metabolism in ‘Zaosu’ pear fruit. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 38, 1161-1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-09921-0
19. Lorente-Mento, J.M., Guillén, F., Castillo, S., Martínez-Romero, D., Valverde, J.M., Valero, D., & Serrano, M. (2021). Melatonin treatment to pomegranate trees enhances fruit bioactive compounds and quality traits at harvest and during postharvest storage. Antioxidants, 10(6), 820. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060820
20. Ma, Q., Lin, X., Wei, Q., Yang, X., Zhang, Y.N., & Chen, J. (2021). Melatonin treatment delays postharvest senescence and maintains the organoleptic quality of ‘Newhall’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) by inhibiting respiration and enhancing antioxidant capacity. Scientia Horticulturae, 286, 110236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110236
21. Medina-Santamarina, J., Zapata, P.J., Valverde, J.M., Valero, D., Serrano, M., & Guillén, F. (2021). Melatonin treatment of apricot trees leads to maintenance of fruit quality attributes during storage at chilling and non-chilling temperatures. Agronomy, 11(5), 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050917
22. Omid, M., Khojastehnazhand, M., & Tabatabaeefar, A. (2010). Estimating volume and mass of citrus fruits by image processing technique. Journal of Food Engineering, 100(2), 315-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.04.015
23. Ordonez, A.A.L., Gomez, J.D., & Vattuone, M.A. (2006). Antioxidant activities of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz extracts. Food Chemistry, 97(3), 452-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. foodchem.2005.05.024
24. Quoc, L., Hoa, D., Ngoc, H., & Phi, T. (2015). Effect of xanthan gum solution on the preservation of acerola (Malpighia glabra). Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova, 48, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0045
25. Rastegar, S., Aghaei Dargiri, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2024). Mitigating postharvest chilling injury in Orlando tangelo fruit: potential of melatonin and GABA in enhancing the antioxidant system. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 46(3), 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-024-03653-9
26. Ruelas-Chacon, X., Contreras-Esquivel, J.C., Montañez, J., Aguilera-Carbo, A.F., Reyes-Vega, M.L., Peralta-Rodriguez, R.D., & Sanchéz-Brambila, G. (2017). Guar gum as an edible coating for enhancing shelf-life and improving postharvest quality of roma tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Journal of Food Quality, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8608304
27. Saini, R.K., Ranjit, A., Sharma, K., Prasad, P., Shang, X., Gowda, K.G.M., & Keum, Y.S. (2022). Bioactive compounds of citrus fruits: A review of composition and health benefits of carotenoids, flavonoids, limonoids, and terpenes. Antioxidants, 11(2), 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/ antiox11020239
28. Salehi, F. (2020). Edible coating of fruits and vegetables using natural gums: A review. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(sup2), S570-S589. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362. 2020.1746730
29. Shahid, M.N., & Abbasi, N.A. (2011). Effect of bee wax coatings on physiological changes in fruits of sweet orange CV. “blood red”. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 27(3), 385-394.
30. Shamloo, M.M., Sharifani, M., Daraei Garmakhany, A., & Seifi, E. (2015). Alternation of secondary metabolites and quality attributes in Valencia Orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) as influenced by storage period and edible covers. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(4), 1936-1947. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13197-013-1207-4
31. Shang, F., Liu, R., Wu, W., Han, Y., Fang, X., Chen, H., & Gao, H. (2021). Effects of melatonin on the components, quality and antioxidant activities of blueberry fruits. Lwt, 147, 111582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111582
32. Traore, M., Diarra, S., Sissoko, S., Diawara, M. O., Traore, M., Traore, B.M., Samake, M., & Sidibe, A. (2023). Determinism of some phytohormones and potassium nitrate on the vegetative growth of Tangelo (Citrus x tangelo) in the Sudano-Sahelian area of Mali. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 23(1), 160-167. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.23.1.0147
33. Tigist, M., Workneh, T.S., & Woldetsadik, K. (2013). Effects of variety on the quality of tomato stored under ambient conditions. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50, 477-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0378-0
34. Tripathi, A.D., Sharma, R., Agarwal, A., & Haleem, D.R. (2021). Nanoemulsions based edible coatings with potential food applications. International Journal of Biobased Plastics, 3(1), 112-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/24759651.2021.1875615
35. Uckoo, R.M., Jayaprakasha, G.K., & Patil, B.S. (2015). Phytochemical analysis of organic and conventionally cultivated Meyer limes (Citrus meyeri) during refrigerated storage. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 42, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2015.01.009
36. Verde, A., Míguez, J. M., & Gallardo, M. (2022). Role of melatonin in apple fruit during growth and ripening: possible interaction with ethylene. Plants, 11(5), 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ plants11050688
37. Vignesh, R.M., & Nair, B.R. (2019). Improvement of shelf life quality of tomatoes using a novel edible coating formulation. Plant Science Today, 6(2), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019. 6.2.443
38. Wang, L., Luo, Z., Yang, M., Li, D., Qi, M., Xu, Y., & Li, L.I. (2020). Role of exogenous melatonin in table grapes: First evidence on contribution to the phenolics-oriented response. Food Chemistry, 329, 127155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127155
39. Wu, X., Ren, J., Huang, X., Zheng, X., Tian, Y., Shi, L. Dong, P., & Li, Z. (2021). Melatonin: Biosynthesis, content, and function in horticultural plants and potential application. Scientia Horticulturae, 288, 110392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110392
40. Xia, H., Shen, Y., Shen, T., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Hu, P., Liang, D., Lin, L., Deng, H., Wang, J., Deng, Q., & Lv, X. (2020). Melatonin accumulation in sweet cherry and its influence on fruit quality and antioxidant properties. Molecules, 25(3), 753. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules25030753
41. Xu, L.L., Yue, Q.Y., Bian, F.E., Zhai, H., & Yao, Y.X. (2017). Effects of melatonin treatment on grape berry ripening and contents of ethylene and ABA. Acta Phytophysiology Sinica, 53, 2181-2188. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01426
42. Zhao, L., Yan, S., Wang, Y., Xu, G., & Zhao, D. (2023). Evaluation of the effect of preharvest melatonin spraying on fruit quality of ‘Yuluxiang’ pear based on principal component analysis. Foods, 12(18), 3507. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12183507
43.