سنتز سبز نانو ذرات نقره با استفاده از عصاره آبی برگ گیاه شیشه‌شور(Callistemon citrinus) و ارزیابی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی فارسی

نویسندگان

• زهره سوسنی غریبوند ¹
• بهروز علیزاده بهبهانی ¹
• محمد نوشاد ²
• حسین جوینده ¹

¹ گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران.

² گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.2021.68173.1008

چکیده

امروزه تمایل به تولید و استفاده از مواد با ابعاد نانومتری با توجه به ویژگی‌های منحصر به فرد و جالب این مواد روز به روز در حال افزایش است. تاکنون روش‌های مختلف فیزیکی و شیمیایی جهت سنتز نانو ذرات نقره مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است اما استفاده از گیاهان جهت سنتز نانو ذرات نقره بسیار سریع، ساده، غیرسمی و سازگار با محیط زیست است. در این پژوهش، عصاره آبی برگ گیاه شیشه‌شور جهت سنتز زیستی نانو ذرات نقره مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. رنگ محلول نیترات نقره پس از افزودن عصاره به رنگ مایل به قرمز تغییر رنگ داد. فعالیت ضدمیکروبی نانو ذرات نقره علیه باکتری‌های گرم مثبت استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و لیستریا اینوکوا و باکتری‌های گرم منفی اشرشیاکلی، سودوموناس آئروژینوزا و سالمونلا تیفی با روش‌های انتشار در دیسک، چاهک آگار، حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی برای باکتری‌های اشرشیاکلی، استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، سودوموناس آئروژینوزا، سالمونلا تیفی،  لیستریا اینوکوا به‌ترتیب 128، 256، 256، 256 و 512 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود و حداقل غلظت کشندگی نانو ذرات نقره برای تمامی باکتری‌ها بزرگتر از 512 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود. قطر هاله عدم رشد برای باکتری سودوموناس آئروژینوزا (حساس‌ترین سویه) در روش‌های انتشار در دیسک و چاهک آگار در غلظت 150 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر به‌ترتیب 13 و 75/7 میلی‌متر بود. در حالی که قطر هاله عدم رشد برای باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (مقاوم‌ترین سویه) در روش‌های انتشار در دیسک و چاهک آگار در غلظت 150 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر به‌ترتیب 8 و 75/6 میلی‌متر بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که عصاره برگ گیاه شیشه‌شور قادر به سنتز نانو ذرات نقره می‌باشد و نانو ذرات سنتزی فعالیت ضدمیکروبی مناسبی بر سویه‌های بیماری‌زا در شرایط برون‌تنی از خود نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• عصاره آبی
• برگ شیشه‌شور
• نانو ذرات نقره
• باکتری‌های گرم مثبت و گرم منفی

موضوعات

• زیست فناوری مواد غذایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callistemon citrinus leaf extract and evaluation of its antibacterial activity

نویسندگان [English]

• Zohreh Sosani Gharibvand ¹
• Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani ¹
• Mohammad Noshad ²
• Hossein Jooyandeh ¹

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.

² Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Nowadays, production and utilization of Nano materials have increased due to their unique and interesting properties. So far, different physical and chemical methods have been used to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Chemical synthesis is not compatible due to the hazardous chemicals residues on the surface of the nanoparticles (NP) as well as production of by products with high impact on the environment. Physical routes for synthesis of NPs have some drawbacks, too. These methods require high energy and space, and are expensive.  Therefore, biological methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are considered emerging technologies as economic choices in the green chemistry field. Among these methods, plant-mediated synthesis of AgNPs is a rapid, simple, non-toxic and eco-friendly technique. Silver nanoparticles exhibit high bactericidal activity at their utilized concentrations with no toxic effect on human cells, and they also strongly enhance the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics even against multi-resistant bacteria through their synergistic effects. Callistemon citrinus belongs to the family Myrtaceae and includes more than 30 species. The plant is widespread in wet tropics, notably Australia, South America and tropical Asia, but presently can be found all over the world. Callistemon citrinus is a potential medicinal plant used to treat gastrointestinal distress, pain, and infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. In this study Callistemon citrinus aqueous extract was used to reduce silver ions in silver nitrate solution.  In the following, the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles synthesized by various qualitative and quantitative methods on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Listeria innocua was investigated.
 
Materials and Methods: For the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, 25 mL of silver nitrate solution was added to 5 mL of leaf extract with a concentration of 100 mg/mL and maintained for 24 h at 20 °C.  Change the color of the solution to Red represents the production of silver nanoparticles in the solution. To stabilize the presence of silver nanoparticles, the absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles produced by spectrophotometer was prepared. Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Callistemon citrinus leaf aqueous extract was examined by disc diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration (microdilution broth) and minimum bactericidal concentration on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Listeria innocua.
 
Results and Discussion: The results showed that in disc diffusion agar method, the diameter inhibition zone increased with increasing the concentration of silver nanoparticles. The maximum effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Callistemon citrinus leaf aqueous extract at a concentration of 150 mg / ml was observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An inhibition zone was observed for all examined pathogenic microorganisms at all concentrations. The results showed that in the well diffusion agar method, nanosilver particles at a concentration of 18.75 mg/ml did not show any inhibitory effect on all the pathogenic microorganisms. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between all the concentrations of silver nanoparticles synthesized for Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus (P˂ 0.05(. The MIC for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria innocua was 128, 256, 256, 256 and 512 mg/mm, respectively. The MBC for all the pathogenic strains was 512 mg/mm. The results of this study showed that the Callistemon citrinus leaf extract has a good ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized from Callistemon citrinus leaf extract had good antimicrobial activity against examined pathogenic bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria. Green-synthesized nanoparticles can be used as antimicrobial agent to fight infectious diseases caused by various microbial strains, although more research is needed in vitro, animal models and in vivo.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Aqueous extract
• Callistemon citrinus leaf
• Silver nanoparticles
• Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

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