نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
چکیده
امروزه با تغییر فرهنگ زندگی، بروز سوءتغذیه در گروه‌های مختلف سنی، و بروز بیماری‌هایی نظیر دیابت، فشارخون و چاقی، تولید فرمولاسیون‌های غذایی کم‌کالری امری ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد. از طرف دیگر، با افزایش تقاضا برای مصرف محصولات با ارزش غذایی و کیفیت بالا، استفاده از ترکیبات با منشأ طبیعی جهت ارتقاء ویژگی‌های تغذیه‌ای و کیفی محصولات غذایی توصیه می‌گردد. لذا، هدف از پژوهش حاضر، کاهش ساکارز مصرفی در تهیه لوز رژیمی و تولید محصولی با ارزش غذایی و اقتصادی بالا با افزایش جایگزینی گیاه آزی‌وش با پسته است. در این پژوهش اثر جایگزینی استویا با ساکارز (صفر-100 درصد)، جایگزینی آزی‌وش با پودر پسته (صفر-100 درصد) و دمای پخت (70-50 درجه سانتی‌گراد) بر دانسیته و سفتی لوز رژیمی موردبررسی قرار گرفت. روش سطح پاسخ در قالب طرح مرکب مرکزی با 6 نقطه مرکزی و دو تکرار و آلفای برابر با 2 در سایر نقاط به‌منظور بهینه‌یابی فرمولاسیون لوز رژیمی غنی‌شده، استفاده شد. ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی، بافت و رنگ در بازه زمانی 45 روزه برای نمونه‌های بهینه و شاهد مقایسه گردید. دانسیته تیمارها با افزایش درصد جایگزینی استویا و آزی‌وش افزایش یافت. اثر متقابل دو متغیر آزی‌وش و دمای پخت باعث کاهش سفتی بافت گردید. کاهش درصد جایگزینی استویا سفتی بافت را کاهش داد. فرمولاسیون بهینه لوز رژیمی شامل 25 درصد استویا، 25 درصد آزی‌وش با دمای پخت 65 درجه سانتی‌گراد؛ و 55 درصد استویا، 75 درصد آزی‌وش با دمای پخت 55 درجه سانتی‌گراد معرفی گردید. درمجموع، ارزش غذایی لوز رژیمی حاوی گیاه آزی‌وش از جنبه محتوی پروتئین، خاکستر، منیزیم و کلسیم بهبود یافت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Optimization formulation of dietary Luz fortified with Stevia and Corchorus olitorius L. using response surface methodology
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Javad Golieh
- Mohammad Goli
Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction: Recently, the prevalence of diseases related to diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, due to high and persistent consumption of sucrose is increasing rapidly. Concerns about the adverse effects of sugar consumptionon one hand, and manufacturers and consumers attention for natural sweeteners to replace sugar, on the other hand, reveal that innovative approaches are needed to help develop a healthy diet which prevents such diseases. Stevia can be introduced as a good replacement for sucrose. Corchorus olitorius L. is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, sterols, tocopherols, and carotenoids, which has significant antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to reduce the sugar level in Luz preparation and produced a high nutritive product by using Corchorus olitorius.
Materials and methods: Materials used in Luz formulation consisted of isomalt, sorbitol, coconut powder, pistachio powder, cardamom, cinnamon and chlorophyll, stevia, and Corchorus olitorius were supplied from Salamat-gostaran arayan Co. All chemicals were from Merck Co. The formulations of Luz include sorbitol (29.68%), sugar (25.85%), coconut powder (38.75%), cardamom (0.3%), cinnamon (0.26%) and chlorophyll (58.5%). 2) were selected, and isomalt was used as filler. To produce Luz, the mixture of sorbitol and isomalt was heated to reach boiling temperature and complete dissolution. After the heat treatment (126°C for 1h), the mixture was cooled to 40°C and the other materials were added and mixed. The prepared samples were molded and placed at 15°C for 3 h. Moisture, ash, protein, fat, and sugar were determined according to AACC standard numbers. The density was also determined according to AACC standard number 54-21. Textural properties were determined using a texture analyzer. Atomic Spectroscopic measurement of minerals was performed according to Devatkal et al. (2004). The color evaluation was performed by the Image Processing method. In this study, the effects of Stevia replacement with sugar (0-100%), Corchorus olitorius replacement with pistachio powder (0-100%) and cooking temperature (50-70°C) on physical and textural properties (density, hardness) of Luz were investigated. Formulation optimization of enriched dietary Luz was performed using Response Surface Method in the form of a central composite design with 6 central points and two replications (α=2) in other locations. In optimum condition, the results of physicochemical, textural and color properties were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results and discussion: The linear model was suggested for density changes, and independent effect of variables (stevia replacement, Corchorus olitorius replacement, cooking temperature), interaction effect of Stevia and Corchorus olitorius replacement, interaction effect of Corchorus olitorius replacement and cooking temperature, the quadratic effect of Stevia replacement and the quadratic effect of cooking temperature were significant on density (P <0.05 or P <0.001). The density of all treatments increased with increasing the levels of Stevia and Corchorus olitorius replacement. An increase in density was observed with increasing cooking temperature. The interaction effect of Corchorus olitorius and cooking temperature caused a significant (P<0.05), decrease in hardness. A reduction in the level of stevia replacement resulted in a decrease in hardness. The optimum formulation of dietary Luz was introduced containing 25% Stevia, 25% Corchorus olitorius and cooking temperature of 65°C, and 55% Stevia, 75% Corchorus Olitorius and cooking temperature of 55°C. Overall, the nutritional value of dietary Luz containing Corchorus olitorius was improved in terms of protein, ash, magnesium and calcium content. The total sugar content of the optimum samples was significantly lower than the control. The textural characteristics of the optimum samples had not changed significantly.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Dietary Luz
- Stevia
- Corchorus olitorius
- Density
- Hardness
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