Iranian Food Science and Technology Research Journal
with the collaboration of Iranian Food Science and Technology Association (IFSTA)

Optimization of Low-Fat Butter Formulation according to Its Organoleptic Properties Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Nafiseh Vahedi
Mostafa Mazaheri Tehrani 1
Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi 2
Rassoul Kadkhodaee 3

1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad,

2 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

3 Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST)

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v9i4.31330
Abstract
Low-fat butter is water in oil emulsion comprising a continuous fat phase including butter, emulsifiers and colorants and also a dispersed aqueous phase including water, stabilizers and proteins. In this research, by using protein components especially full-fat soy flour, a product were produced which has extreme similarity to ordinary butter and also has good organoleptic properties. Water : butter ratio, soy flour : sodium caseinate ratio and emulsifier content were the designed factors and their effects on sensory properties of low-fat butter such as softness, spreadability, crumbling, hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, melting rate, mouth coating, gumminess, butter flavor, soy flavor and finally overall acceptance were evaluated. The Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were employed as experimental design and statistical analysis. Based on final results, the optimum formulation for low-fat butter were: water : butter ratio as 1.03 (50% water and 48.5% butter), soy flour : sodium caseinate as 1.57 (5% soy flour and 3.2% sodium caseinate) and 0.66% emulsifier. Apart from good nutritional effects of final product due to high protein content and lower fat content, that was spreadable at low temperatures and also has plastic characteristics of butter at ambient condition.

Keywords

Optimization
Water in oil emulsion
Sensory characteristics
Low-fat butter
Full-fat soy flour
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  • Receive Date 16 September 2011
  • Accept Date 29 December 2012
  • First Publish Date 22 December 2013

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