Research Article
Elmira Haghighi; Massoumeh Mehraban Sangatash; Seyed Ali Mortazavi; Mahboubeh Sarabi; Reyhaneh Noorbakhsh; Mohammad Armin
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mold contamination of main raisins varieties produced in Khorasan Razavi Province with aflatoxin-producing fungi and determine amount of aflatoxins. For this purpose 50 samples were collected from different markets in Kashmar, Khalil abad, Bardaskan, Mashhad ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the mold contamination of main raisins varieties produced in Khorasan Razavi Province with aflatoxin-producing fungi and determine amount of aflatoxins. For this purpose 50 samples were collected from different markets in Kashmar, Khalil abad, Bardaskan, Mashhad and Quchan (10 samples from each city). The result showed that from 50 raisin samples, 44 samples (88%) were contaminated with fungi. The lowest and highest level of fungal contamination were observed in Quchan and Kashmar, respectively. Aflatoxigenic potential of fungi that isolated from contaminated samples were evaluated using Coconut Agar Medium and under UV light (365 nm). It is observed that 29 samples (65.9%) had Aflatoxigenic fungi. The presence of aflatoxin was confirmed by high pressure liquid chromatography. No sample had greater AFB1 levels than the maximum allowed levels (5 ng/g) in raisins accepted by ISIRI (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran). Although the amount of AFB1 in raisin varieties produced in Khorasan Razavi Province, does not appear to create a serious public health problem at present, because of Percapita consumption of raisins in Iran (22 kg/year) it is necessary to consider it as a serious health problem.
Research Article
Reza Farhoosh; Hashem Pourazerang; Mohammad Hossein Hadad Khodaparast
Abstract
Measuring the rate of changes in total polar compounds (TPC) content and polar fractions, the oxidative stability of canola oil during frying process as affected by bene kernel oil (BKO, 0.05 and 0.1%) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ, 100ppm) was investigated. It was observed that the TPC content increased ...
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Measuring the rate of changes in total polar compounds (TPC) content and polar fractions, the oxidative stability of canola oil during frying process as affected by bene kernel oil (BKO, 0.05 and 0.1%) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ, 100ppm) was investigated. It was observed that the TPC content increased linearly with frying time (R2 > 0.98). The canola oil containing the BKO (especially 0.1%) was significantly capable of increasing oxidative stability. The TPC analysis by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography allowed the separation and quantification of triglyceride polymers (TGP), triglyceride dimers (TGD), oxidised triglyceride monomers (oxTGM), diglycerides (DG), and free fatty acids (FFA) during frying. The ability of the BKO to resist the TGP and oxTGM formations was near to that of the TBHQ, whereas the ability of the BKO to resist the DG and FFA formations was better than that of the TBHQ.
Research Article
Rassoul Kadkhodaee; Arash Koocheki; Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi
Abstract
The effect of addition of Qodumeh shahri (Lepidium perfoliatum) seed gum on the emulsion properties were investigated in this study. L. perfoliatum seed gum with 0-0.6% (w/w) concentration was used together with 2% (w/w) WPC to emulsify 20% (w/w) corn oil. The emulsion was analyzed for emulsion stability, ...
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The effect of addition of Qodumeh shahri (Lepidium perfoliatum) seed gum on the emulsion properties were investigated in this study. L. perfoliatum seed gum with 0-0.6% (w/w) concentration was used together with 2% (w/w) WPC to emulsify 20% (w/w) corn oil. The emulsion was analyzed for emulsion stability, particle size, specific surface area, particle size distribution and rheological properties. The mean particle size of emulsion decreased by increase in Qodume shahri seed gum up to 0.2% (w/w). Further increase in gum concentration had no significant effect on mean particle size of emulsion. Moreover, increase in gum concentration had no significant effect on particle size distribution (span) and specific surface area (m²/ml) of the emulsions. The rheological data indicated that increase in gum concentration significantly affected the viscosity, consistency coefficient (k) and flow behavior index (n) of the emulsions. Viscosity and consistency coefficient increased by increasing gum concentration. However, the flow behavior index decreased by the increase in Qodume shahri gum concentration. The flow behaviors of emulsions containing gum were well predicted by Herschel–Bulkley model (R2 > 0.99). While, in absence of gum, emulsion Showed Newtonian behavior.
Research Article
Masoumeh Bahreini; Mohammad Bagher Habibi Najafi; Mohammad Reza Bassami; Morteza Abbaszadegan
Abstract
We investigated the microbiological quality of raw vegetables in Mashhad, Iran. In order to document the incidence of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in this area. ninety eghit raw vegetable samples collected during 7 months were analyzed. All samples were examined for the presence of aerobic ...
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We investigated the microbiological quality of raw vegetables in Mashhad, Iran. In order to document the incidence of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in this area. ninety eghit raw vegetable samples collected during 7 months were analyzed. All samples were examined for the presence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and mould. Our data showed that the incidence levels of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was less than 107 cfu/g on 83% raw vegetables and 100% of raw vegetables were contained Entrobacteriace and total coliforms, and their range varied from 1 log to 6 log cfu/g. The mean counts of Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and moulds were 4.1 log cfu/g and 4.5 log cfu/g, respectively, and the incidence levels of yeasts and moulds in 83% of raw vegetables was less than 5 log cfu/g. Our results were similar with other studies that determined microbial levels on raw vegetables. 12.7% of samples raw vegetables contained E.coli, but only 4.1% were higher than ≥ 2 log cfu/g. The incidence levels for E.coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on raw vegetables were 6% and 12.7% respectively. 94.9% of raw vegetables were contaminated with S. aureus and 7.8% of them were coagulase positive.
Research Article
Rahmatollah Eshtavad; Davood Kalantari
Abstract
In this work, experimental studies of internal friction coefficient and porosity of four high productive rice varieties in Iran (Nemat, Neda, Pajouhesh and Pardis) have been presented. Moisture content varied in four different ranges between 8 and 20%. The obtained results indicated that the internal ...
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In this work, experimental studies of internal friction coefficient and porosity of four high productive rice varieties in Iran (Nemat, Neda, Pajouhesh and Pardis) have been presented. Moisture content varied in four different ranges between 8 and 20%. The obtained results indicated that the internal friction coefficient decreased with increasing the moisture content from 8 to 11%, then decreased with increasing the moisture content. The internal friction angles for Nemat, Neda, Pajouhesh and Pardis at the equilibrium moisture content, i.e., 11%, were 39.3, 37.5, 33.95 and 34.38° respectively. Based on results obtained in this study, the apparent physical properties of the rice varieties, e.g., length of the grain, cross sectional diameter of the grain, relative roughness of the external surface of the grain, etc. have significant influence on the normal stress-shear stress relationship. Meanwhile, porosity of the samples depends on the type of variety and moisture content. Porosities of the samples at equilibrium moisture content were 70.8% for Nemat, 63.9% for Neda, 62.7% for Pajouhesh and 66.5% for Pardis
Research Article
Fatemeh Raiesi; Mohammad Hojjatoleslami; Seyed Hadi Razavi; Mahdi Bahman; Mohammad Ali Shariaty
Abstract
In this study, three varieties of rice including Tarom, Anbarbo and Hashemi were selected and their heavy metals Content were analyzed. Subcritical water was used to provide rice bran extract at temperatures 100 and 120 ° C. In order to provide grape juice treatments, we used 5, 10, 15 and 20 % of extract ...
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In this study, three varieties of rice including Tarom, Anbarbo and Hashemi were selected and their heavy metals Content were analyzed. Subcritical water was used to provide rice bran extract at temperatures 100 and 120 ° C. In order to provide grape juice treatments, we used 5, 10, 15 and 20 % of extract in the formulation of red grape drink. samples which had packed and pasteurized, kept in the refrigerator for three months, then Rheological measurements were carried out by using Brookfield rheometer at 5°C .Physical and chemical characteristic evaluated by using SPSS software and one-way ANOVA and Duncan test >P) 0.05). Increasing temperature results in increasing rice bran extraction in subcritical water extraction method. Investigation of rheological properties showed that increasing in amount of rice bran extract cause to decrease consistency coefficient and increase flow index. Consistency coefficient of treatments during storage indicated that consistency coefficients were increased for all treatment
Research Article
Javad Tavakoli; Mohammad Hossein Hadad Khodaparast; Reza Esmaeilzadeh kenari; Mahmoud Aminlari; Ali Sharif
Abstract
In this study, antioxidant activity of kolkhung skin oil, baneh skin oil and seasame oil were compared. The ratio between polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) of kolkhung skin oil, bane skin oil and seasame seed oil were 0.52, 0.26 and 3.06, respectively. Total phenolic contents of kolkhung ...
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In this study, antioxidant activity of kolkhung skin oil, baneh skin oil and seasame oil were compared. The ratio between polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) of kolkhung skin oil, bane skin oil and seasame seed oil were 0.52, 0.26 and 3.06, respectively. Total phenolic contents of kolkhung skin oil, bane skin oil and seasame seed oil were 99.67, 645.73 and 81.72 mg/kg, respectively. Total tocopherol content of kolkhung skin oil (2154.3mg/kg) was significantly higher than those of the other investigated oils, followed by seasame seed oil and bane skin oil ( 993.69 and 648.91 mg/kg, respectively). Antioxidant activity of the three mentioned oils were determined by DPPH, FRAP and rancimat tests. Antioxidant activity of kolkhung skin oil was significantly higher than those of the other investigated oils, followed seasame seed oil and bane skin oil, respectively. Also it was found a correlation between amount of antioxidant compounds of oils and their antioxidant activity.
Research Article
Abdolhossien Aghababaei; Reza Kasaai
Abstract
Pollution arising from plastic waste materials caused a great worry for researchers who are interested in protection of environment. This problem shifts their subject to bio-polymers for applications in packaging industries. However, their low water barrier properties are a critical problem. The effects ...
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Pollution arising from plastic waste materials caused a great worry for researchers who are interested in protection of environment. This problem shifts their subject to bio-polymers for applications in packaging industries. However, their low water barrier properties are a critical problem. The effects of citric acid and methyl cellulose on water vapor and oxygen permeabilities and mechanical properties of starch composite thin films have been studied. Water vapor permeability (WVP) has been measured using a vial coated by a film. Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of a film was determined from measurement of peroxide value for a definite amount of oil that is placed in a vial and coated by the film. Mechanical properties were measured using a tensile machine. Increase in citric acid concentration up to 5% citric acid (w/w), resulted in a decrease in water vapor and oxygen permeabilities. A film containing 5% of citric acid exhibited a minimum value for WVP, whereas the value of WVP and elongation at the break increased and tensile strength decreased for a film containing 20% of citric acid (w/w). Increase in methyl cellulose up to 30% resulted in decrease in WVP and OTR.
Research Article
Sajedeh Bahrani; Babak Ghanbarzadeh; Hamed Hamishekar; Mahood Sowti Khiabani
Abstract
Encapsulation of bioactive ingredient and production of nano carriers in order to food enrichment and production of functional food is one of the applications of nano technology in food science and pharmaceutical. Nano carriers are produced using biopolymers (proteins and polysaccharids) or lipid based ...
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Encapsulation of bioactive ingredient and production of nano carriers in order to food enrichment and production of functional food is one of the applications of nano technology in food science and pharmaceutical. Nano carriers are produced using biopolymers (proteins and polysaccharids) or lipid based materials. In this research, production and characterization of pectin-casein nanocomplexes as a potential nanocarrier were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and measurement of particle size and distribution. FTIR results showed electrostatic interactions between pectin and casein. Transmission Electron Microscopy, zeta potential and particle size showed stable dispersion with 86 nm at pH = 1.4, casein %1 and pectin 0.45. Nanocomplex solutions compared to pure pectin and sodium caseinate solutions have higher shear stress and viscosity in constant shear rate and rheological behavior of biopolymer solutions were altered from Newtonian to non Newtonian in complexes includes casein and pectin.
Short Article
Hajar Shekarchizadeh; Amir Hossein Goli; Hedieh Daghighi
Abstract
Bleaching of crude oil with bleaching clay is one of the steps in preparing of edible soybean oil. After separation of bleaching clay by filteration, due to its high adsorption, about 20 to 40 percent of the oil remains, which causes a lot of oil waste. The objective of this study was to extract and ...
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Bleaching of crude oil with bleaching clay is one of the steps in preparing of edible soybean oil. After separation of bleaching clay by filteration, due to its high adsorption, about 20 to 40 percent of the oil remains, which causes a lot of oil waste. The objective of this study was to extract and evaluate of residual soybean oil in spent bleaching clay. In order to investigate the effect of gas type used during passage of oil through filter, flow of air and nitrogen gas was used to supply pressure to remove more oil from clay. Residual oil content was determined by Soxhlet method and some of the physicochemical properties of extracted oils were investigated. Finally, the fatty acids profile of studied oils was determined by gas chromatography (GC).
