ارزیابی فعالیت ضد: کپکی رنگ طبیعی آناتو در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سمانه رضایی بروجردی ¹
• محمدباقر حبیبی نجفی ¹
• فرشته حسینی ²
• رضا کاراژیان ³

¹ گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

² گروه افزودنی‌های مواد غذایی، جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد، خراسان رضوی.

³ گروه ایمنی و کیفیت مواد غذایی، جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد، خراسان رضوی.

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v1396i0.63949

چکیده

آناتو یک رنگ مجاز طبیعی دارای خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی، پتانسیل بالای درمانی و اثرات ضدمیکروبی است. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی فعالیت ضدکپکی رنگ آناتو بر 3 کپک بیماری‌زا و عامل فساد غذایی مهم آسپرژیلوس نایجر، نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا و رایزوپوس استولونیفر است. در این پژوهش رنگ آناتو توسط روش خیساندن استخراج و پس از فیلتراسیون با آون تحت خلاء به‌صورت پودر در آورده شد. ارزیابی اولیه فعالیت ضدکپکی با روش‌های انتشار چاهک و دیسک در غلظت‌های سریالی1 تا 10 درصد عصاره استنی آناتو انجام شد و میزان حداقل غلظت بازدارنده رشد (MIC) با روش رقت آگار در زمان‌های 48 و 72 ساعت پس از کشت تعیین گردید. قطر هاله عدم رشد در روش چاهک، در تمامی غلظت‌های عصاره برای کپک آسپرژیلوس نایجر بالاترین میزان محاسبه شد و بیشترین حساسیت نسبت به عصاره آناتو به‌ترتیب در کپک‌های آسپرژیلوس نایجر، نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا و رایزوپوس استولونیفر مشاهده گردید. روش دیسک برای بازدارندگی رنگ آناتو از رشد کپکی ناکارآمد ارزیابی شد. حداقل غلظت رنگ آناتو بازدارنده از رشد در دو سویه آسپرژیلوس نایجر و نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا 6 درصد و در مورد رایزوپوس استولونیفر 7 درصد تعیین شد. طبق یافته‌های این مطالعه می‌توان نتیجه گرفت رنگ آناتو برای بازدارندگی رشد3 سویه کپکی ذکر شده موثر واقع شده، لذا می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک ترکیب عملگر و ممانعت‌کننده رشد کپک در فراورده‌های غذایی مستعد فساد کپکی (همانند فراورده‌های نانوایی) استفاده گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• کلمات کلیدی: آناتو
• MIC
• آسپرژیلوس نایجر
• نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا
• رایزوپوس استولونیفر

عنوان مقاله [English]

In vitro evaluation of anti-mold activity of annatto natural dye

نویسندگان [English]

• Samaneh Rezaei ¹
• Mohammad Bagher Habibi Najafi ¹
• Fereshteh Hosseini ²
• Reza Karazhyan ³

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

² Department of Food Additives, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Mashhad, Iran.

³ Department of Food Additives, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Nowadays, with the increasing awareness of the side effects of synthetic additives, consumer’s demand for colorants from natural sources has been increased. Annatto is an allowed natural colorant used in food industries, textiles, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. The colorant is extracted from the seeds, which are covered by a red, resinous pericarp containing the pigments. The main pigment is bixin (methyl hydrogen 9′-cis-6, 6′-diapocarotene-6, 6′-dioate) which is responsible for the orange red color in the seeds (80% of total carotenoids). Smaller amounts of norbixin are also presented. Bioactive compounds like bixin and phenolic compounds reduce the risks of various chronic disorders, such as cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and cataracts (Boschetto, et al., 2014; Somacal et al., 2015; Ezuruike & Prieto, 2014). Moreover many studies have proven antimicrobial activity of annatto extracts (leaves, capsules, seeds…) against several food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, as well as few fungi such as Candida utilis, and Aspergillus niger. Annatto is a permitted natural food coloring with antioxidant properties, high therapeutic potential and antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate antimold activity of annatto natural dye on 3 important food pathogenic and spoilage molds, Aspergillus niger,Neurospora sitophila and Rhizopus stolonifer.

Material and Methods: Annatto dye was extracted by maceration method and after filtration it was dried by a vacuum oven. Anti-mold activity was evaluated by well diffusion and disk diffusion methods in 1 to 10 percent concentrations of acetone extract of annatto and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using agar dilution method at 48 and 72 h after incubation at 25 °C.

Results and Discussion: The results indicated promising anti-mold activity. The highest mean zones of inhibition in all concentrations were obtained for Aspergillus niger, Neurospora sitophila and Rhizopus stolonifer, respectively. This difference might be due to the more resistance and rapid growth of Rhizopus stolonifer and Neurospora sitophila compared to Aspergillus niger. No inhibitory effect was observed in the concentrations below than 1%, this result is in consistent with Irobi, et al., (1996) findings that proved annatto's organic extract has a weak effect on Aspergillus niger at low concentration (5 mg/ml).In all concentrations, Aspergillus niger showed the highest inhibition zone and the most sensitivity to annatto extract found at Aspergillus niger, Neurospora sitophila and Rhizopus stolonifer, respectively. Disk diffusion method was inefficient to inhibit mold growth. Minimum inhibitory concentration of annatto dye against Aspergillus niger and Neurospora sitophila was determined 6 percent while Rhizopus stolonifer showed 7 percent. According to the results annatto dye was effective to inhibit growth of Aspergillus niger, Neurospora sitophila and Rhizopus stolonifer. Therefore it can be concluded that annatto dye could be used as a functional and inhibitory agent against mold growth in the foods that are susceptible to mold spoilage (e.g. bakery goods).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Key words: annatto
• MIC
• Aspergillus niger
• Neurospora sitophila
• Rhizopus stolonifer

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