با همکاری انجمن علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

2 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

چکیده

در این تحقیق، تاثیر افزودن توام نانوذرات نقره و اکسید روی در بستر پلیمر پلی وینیل الکل برای تهیه فیلم بسته­بندی مواد غذایی بر خواص ساختاری و فیزیکی آنها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آنالیز ساختاری نانوذرات توسط آزمون میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری بررسی شد که نشان داد نانوذرات نقره مورد استفاده ساختار نسبتا کروی و نانوذرات اکسید روی ساختاری میله­ای و اندازه متوسط آن­ها به ترتیب کمتر از 32 و 40 نانومتر است. برای تهیه فیلم های نانوکامپوزیتی، نانوذرات نقره و اکسید روی به صورت مجزا و توام (ترکیبی) در سطح 3% با روش همزدن حلالی به شبکه پلی وینیل الکل، اضافه شد. نحوه پراکنش نانوذرات در بستر پلیمر و ویژگی سطحی نانوکامپوزیت­ها با استفاده از آزمون میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمای سطحی فیلم­ها نشان داد که در همه نانوکامپوزیت­ها، نانو ذرات نقره و اکسید روی به طور یکنواخت پخش شدند. با استفاده از طیف سنجی مادون قرمز و پراش پرتو ایکس مشخص گردید که پیوند بین زنجیره­های پلیمری پلی وینیل الکل و نانوذرات نقره و اکسید روی برقرار و دارای ساختار کریستالی است. با افزودن توام نانوذرات نقره و اکسید روی در بستر پلیمر، مقاومت کششی حدود 120% افزایش و ازدیاد طول و میزان نفوذ پذیری فیلم­ها نسبت به بخار آب به ترتیب حدود 20% و 75% کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of incorporating of ZnO/ Ag nanoparticles on functional properties of poly vinyl alcohol packaging films

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Karimivaloujaei 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Abaspour fard 1
  • Mohammad Hosein Aghkhani 1
  • Saeid Tarighi 2

1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

2 Department of Plant Protection, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Packaging is one of the effective ways to increase the storage life and quality of the food products. Nowadays, most of the materials used in packaging are fossil origin and usually non-degradable and hardly dissoluble. Also biodegradable films, due to their fragility and poor resistant to gas exchange are in limited use. It is possible that by employing nanotechnology, some particles on nano scale may be added to these polymer composites to improve the mechanical properties and permeability of the biodegradable packing films. Silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide have been incorporated in polymers individually by researchers. The objective of this study is to compare the effect of incorporating the mixture of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles with the case of adding them separately into poly vinyl alcohol matrix, on some relevant mechanical and physical properties of the outcome Nono-composite films.
 
Materials and methods: To make polymer films polyvinyl alcohol, solvent (deionized water) and glycerol (as softener) were used. Then, zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles at 3% by weight, were added to the polymer solution in two different ways, separately and in combination. To specify the pattern of nano-particles size distribution, transmission electron microscope (TEM) test was performed. To determine the characteristics of the films’ surface scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed. To investigate the bondings between the components of nono-composite films, FTIR was employed.For identification of matrix structure and formation of nano-composite, the XRD was performed. To measure the infiltration of water vapor, the approved E96 ASTM method was used. Also, for measuring the color and transparency of films, the HunterLab test and for mechanical properties of the films, Instron Universal Testing Machine (H5 KS, England) were used (considering the ASTM standard for tensile tests - D88201). For statistical analysis and comparison of means, variance analysis and Dunkan test were performed, using SPSS software.
 
Results & discussion: SEM, XRD and FTIR tests showed that nanoparticles were distributed uniformly within the polymer matrix, and react well with the polymer chains. Besides, the effect of adding silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the relevant properties of the films was significant. By individual adding of these nanoparticles on polyvinyl alcohol matrix, the tensile strength and the elongation of films increased. On the other hand, their transparency and water vapor permeability decreased. The results also showed that the combined incorporation of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles into the packing films can significantly affect their mechanical properties and permeability. Hence, due to the high prices of silver nanoparticles than zinc oxide nanoparticle, the combined incorporation of these two nano-particles is recommended, while maintaining the properties of the nano-composite films in a reasonable level. It can be implied that the combined use of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles in the polymer provides a more affordable Nano-film with good enough quality. It may also reduce their mutual side effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Poly vinyl alcohol
  • Zinc oxide nanoparticles
  • Silver nanoparticles
  • Nanocomposites
احمدی، ز.، میردهقان، س.ح.، حکم‏آبادی، ح. و شمشیری، م.ح.، 1392، استفاده از بسته‌بندی‌های نانو و پوشش دهی خوراکی در بهبود عمر انبارداری و کیفیت عمر دانه‏های پسته تازه. نشریه علوم باغبانی (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی)، 4: 367 تا 374.
فرهودی، م.، موسوی، س. م.، ستوده قره باغ، ر.، امام جمعه، ز.، ارومیه‌ای، ع.، 1395، تاثیر نانوذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم بر روی ویژگی‌های مکانیکی و خواص انتقالی بسته بندیهای پلی اتیلن ترفتالات (PET) ، فصلنامه علوم و صنایع غذایی، 13 (60).
قدسی، م.، شاهدی، م. و کدیور، م. 1392. بررسی برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و ممانعتی بیونانو کامپوزیت پروتئین گاودانه حاوی نانوذرات نقره. دومین همایش تخصصی پلیمرهای پیشرفته در بسته بندی مواد غذایی، تهران.
قنبرزاده، ب.، الماسی، ه. و زاهدی، ی.، 1388، بیوپلیمرهای زیست تخریب پذیر و خوراکی در بسته بندی مواد غذایی و دارویی، انتشارات دانشگاه امیر کبیر.
گودرزی، ه.، 1386، نانو فناوری. رانتر، م. و رانتر، و. موسسه انتشارات علمی دانشگاه صنعتی شریف.
Abdelghany, A.M., Abdelrazek, E.M., Badr, S.I., & Morsi, M.A., 2016, Effect of gamma-irradiation on (PEO/PVP)/Au nanocomposite: Materials for electrochemical & optical applications. Materials & Design, 97: 532-543.
Abdollahi, M., Alboofetileh, M., Behrooz, R., Rezaei, M., & Miraki, R., 2013, Reducing water sensitivity of alginate bio-nanocomposite film using cellulose nanoparticles. International journal of biological macromolecules, 54: 166-173.
Abdollahi, M., Rezaei, M., & Farzi, G., 2012, A novel active bionanocomposite filmincorporating rosemary essential oil & nanoclay into chitosan. Journal of Food Engineering, 111 (2): 343-350.
Ahmed, J., Arfat, Y.A., Castro-Aguirre, E. & Auras, R., 2016, Mechanical, structural & thermal properties of Ag–Cu & ZnO reinforced polylactide nanocomposite films. International journal of biological macromolecules, 86: 885-892.
Arora, A., & Padua, G., 2009, Review: Nanocomposites in Food Packaging. Journal of Food Science, 75(1): 43-49.
ASTM, 1995, Standard test methods for water vapor transmission of material, E 96-95. Annual book of ASTM, American Society for Testing and Material. Philadelphia, PA.
ASTM, 2002, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting, Annual book of ASTM. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Material.
Emamifar, A., Kadivar, M., Shahedi, M. & Soleimanian-Zad, S., 2011, Effect of nanocomposite packaging containing Ag & ZnO on inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum in orange juice, Food Control, 22(3-4): 408-413.
Fernandes, D.M., Hechenleitner, A.W., Lima, S.M., Andrade, L.H.C.,Caires, A.R.L. & Pineda, E.G., 2011, Preparation, characterization, & photoluminescence study of PVA/ZnO nanocomposite films. Materials Chemistry & Physics, 128(3):371-376.
Gharoy Ahangar, E., Abbaspour‐Fard, M.H., Shahtahmassebi, N., Khojastehpour, M. & Maddahi, P., 2015, Preparation & characterization of PVA/ZnO nanocomposite. Journal of Food Processing & Preservation, 39(6), 1442-1451.
Halder, S., Prasad, T., Khan, N.I., Goyat, M.S. & Chauhan, S.R., 2017, Superior mechanical properties of poly vinyl alcohol-assisted ZnO nanoparticle reinforced epoxy composites. Materials Chemistry & Physics, 192:198-209.
Hamza, A.M., Alhtheal, E.D. & Shakir, A.K., 2017, Enhancement the Efficiency of ZnOnanofiber mats antibacterial Using Novel PVA/Ag nanoparticles. Energy Procedia, 119:615-621.
Hosseinzadeh Beiragh, H., Omidkhah, M. R., Abedini, R., Khosravi, T., & Pakseresht, S., 2016, Synthesis and characterization of poly (ether-block- amide) mixed matrix membranes incorporated by nanoporous ZSM-5 particles for CO2/CH4 separation, Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 11: 522-532.
Mastromatteo, M., Conte, A., Lucera, A., Saccotelli, M. A., Buonocore, G. G., Zambrini, A. V., & Nobile, M. A., 2015, Packaging solutions to prolong the shelf life of Fiordilatte cheese: Bio-based nanocomposite coating & modified atmosphere packaging. Food Science & Technology, 60: 230-237.
Mendes, E., Piletti, R., Barichello, T., Oliveira, C. M., Kniess, C. T., & Angioletto, E., 2012, The influence of particle size & AgNO3 concentration in the ionic exchange process on the fungicidal action of antimicrobial glass. Materials Science & Engineering, 32(6): 1518–1523.
Muñoz-Fernandez, L., Sierra-Fern&ez, A., Flores-Carrasco, G., Milošević, O. & Rabanal, M.E., 2017, Solvothermal synthesis of Ag/ZnO micro/nanostructures with different precursors for advanced photocatalytic applications. Advanced Powder Technology, 28(1):83-92.
Oun, A.A. & Rhim, J.W., 2017, Carrageenan-based hydrogels & films: Effect of ZnO & CuO nanoparticles on the physical, mechanical, & antimicrobial properties. Food Hydrocolloids, 67: 45-53.
Panea, B., Ripoll, G., Gonzalez, J., Fernandez-Cuello, Á. & Alberti, P., 2014, Effect of nanocomposite packaging containing different proportions of ZnO & Ag on chicken breast meat quality. Journal of Food Engineering, 123:104-112.
Robertson, G.L., 2016, Food packaging: principles & practice, CRC press.
Roco, M.C., Mirkin, C.A., & Hersam, M.C., 2011, Nanotechnology Research Directions for societal needs in 2020. Summary of international study, 897-919.
Shahabi-Ghahfarrokhi, I., Khodaiyan, F., Mousavi, M. & Yousefi, H., 2015, Preparation of UV-protective kefiran/nano-ZnO nanocomposites: Physical & mechanical properties. International journal of biological macromolecules, 72: 41-46.
Sorrentino, A., Gorrasi, G., & Vittoria, V., 2007, Potential perspectives of bionanocomposites for food packaging applications. Food science & Technology, 18: 84-95.
Tankhiwale, R., Bajpai, S.K., 2012, Preparation, characterization & antibacterial applications of ZnO-nanoparticles coated polyethylene films for food packaging. Colloids & Surfaces Biointerfaces, 90: 16–20.
Yamamoto, O., J. Sawai, M. Hotta, H. Kijima & T. Sasamoto .,1998, Growth inhibition of bacteria by MgO-ZnO solid- solution powders: influence of doping amount of ZnO. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 106: 1252- 1254.
Zapata, P.A., Tamayo, L., Paez, M., Cerda, E., Azocar, I. & Rabagliatil, F.B., 2011, Nanocomposites based on polyethylene & nanosilver particlesproduced by metallocenic ‘‘in situ’’ polymerization: synthesis,characterization, & antimicrobial behavior. European Polymer Journal, 47(8): 1541–1549.
CAPTCHA Image