بررسی اثر روش استخراج با حلال‌های آب و متانول بر ویژگی‌های ضداکسایشی و ضدمیکروبی عصاره گیاه بن‌سرخ: مطالعه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی “in vitro”

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• محمد حجتی
• بهروز علیزاده بهبهانی

گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v17i1.85992

چکیده

در این پژوهش، عصاره گیاه بن‎‏سرخ با استفاده از حلال‌های متانول و آب و به‌کمک روش ماسراسیون استخراج شد. راندمان استخراج، ترکیبات فنول کل، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (بر پایه مهار رادیکال‌های 2 و 2-دی‌فنیل 1-پیکریل هیدرازیل (DPPH) و 2،2-آزینو بیس-3-اتیل بنزوتیازولین-6-سولفونیک اسید (ABTS)) و اثر ضدمیکروبی (بر پایه آزمون‏‌های دیسک دیفیوژن آگار، حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی و حداقل غلظت‌ کشندگی) عصاره‌ها با یکدیگر مقایسه گردید. راندمان استخراج و میزان ترکیبات فنولی عصاره متانولی به‌ترتیب 10/7 درصد و mg GAE/g 28/88 بود، درحالی‌که برای عصاره آبی به‌ترتیب 6/4 درصد و mg GAE/g 29/68 بود. فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره آبی (برحسب رادیکال­‌های DPPH و ABTS به‌ترتیب mg/mL 28/2 و 98/2) به‌طور قابل‌توجهی بالاتر از عصاره متانولی (برحسب رادیکال‌های DPPH و ABTS به‌ترتیب mg/mL 33/5 و 12/7) بود که نشان می‌دهد وجود ترکیبات فنولی تنها عامل مؤثر بر ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره نمی‌باشد. میزان حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی از رشد عصاره متانولی برای باکتری‌های Streptococcus pyogenes، Listeria innocua، Entrobacter aerogenes، Escherichia coli و Pseudomonas aeruginosa به‌ترتیب 68/4، 68/4، 75، 75/18 و 75/18 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود، درحالی‌که برای عصاره آبی بن­‌سرخ به‌ترتیب 68/4، 37/9، 75، 5/37 و 5/37 میلی­‌گرم بر میلی‌­لیتر بود. میزان حداقل غلظت کشندگی عصاره متانولی برای باکتری‌­های Streptococcus pyogenes، Listeria innocua، Entrobacter aerogenes، Escherichia coli و Pseudomonas aeruginosa به‌ترتیب 75/18، 75/18، 150، 150 و 5/37 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود، درحالی‌که برای عصاره آبی بن‌سرخ به‌ترتیب 5/37، 5/37، 300، 150 و 75 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود. با توجه به نتایج، عصاره گیاه بن‎سرخ قابلیت استفاده به‌عنوان نگهدارنده‏ طبیعی جهت جلوگیری از اکسیداسیون غذاهای حاوی اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع و همچنین کنترل رشد باکتری‌های بیماری‌زا و مولد فساد را دارا می‌باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

• گیاه بن‌‏سرخ
• عصاره متانولی و آبی
• فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی
• فعالیت ضدمیکروبی
• ترکیبات فنولی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of aqueous and methanolic extraction methods on the antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of Allium jesdianum extract: in vitro study

نویسندگان [English]

• Mohammad Hojjati
• Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani

Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: There is a remarkable interest in developing natural antimicrobial compounds of essential oils and plant extracts origin, due to the increase of bacterial resistance to common antibiotics. On the other hand, lipid oxidation in raw or processed materials leads to food rancidity and deterioration. In this way, synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are used to prolong the storage stability of food products. Nevertheless, the toxicologists and nutritionists have documented the side effects and potential toxic effects of synthetic antioxidants. Herbs contain a wide variety of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoid, tannins and so forth. These bioactive compounds could be therefore used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents to suppress lipid oxidation and food spoilage. In this context, Allium jesdianum extracts were obtained and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated.
 
Materials and methods: A. jesdianum was exposed to methanolic and aqueous maceration-based extraction methods to extract its bioactive compounds with positive biological activity. The extraction yield, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity (based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity), and antimicrobial activity (based on disc diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration methods) of the methanolic and aqueous extracts were evaluated and compared to each otherr.
 
Results and discussion: The methanolic extract of A. jesdianum had higher extraction yield of 7.1±0.2% compared to the aqueous extract with 4.6±0.28% extraction yield, mainly due to the ability of methanol to extract both nonpolar and semi-polar compounds. The total phenolic compounds of the methanolic extract were also remarkably higher than the aqueous counterpart (88.28% vs. 68.29% mg gallic acid/g dried extract), indicating that the solvent type plays a significant role in extracting bioactive compounds. However, the aqueous extract was able to significantly scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals compared to the methanolic extract. This means that the presence of phenolic compounds is not the only factor affecting the antioxidant activity of plant extracts. The bioactive extracts of A. jesdianum were able to suppress the growth of or kill the examined bacteria P. aeruginosa, E. coli, E. aerogenes, L. innocua, and S. pyogenes; and this effect was more pronounced in the methanolic extract. Therefore, A. jesdianum methanolic and aqueous extracts could be used as natural preservatives to improve the oxidative stability of food products rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and to inhibit the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, treat infections, and increase the safety of food products.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Allium jesdianum
• Methanolic and aqueous extract
• Antioxidant activity
• Antimicrobial activity
• Phenolic compounds

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