بررسی تأثیر افزودن کدو سبز (Cucurbita pepo) بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی-شیمیایی و حسی ماست هم‌زده طی نگهداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مرضیه سلامی ¹
• معصومه مهربان سنگ آتش ²
• احمد احتیاطی ²

¹ گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، موسسه آموزش عالی جهاد دانشگاهی کاشمر، کاشمر، ایران

² گروه پژوهشى کیفیت و ایمنی مواد غذایی، پژوهشکده علوم و فناورى مواد غذایى، جهاد دانشگاهى خراسان رضوى، مشهد، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v16i5.83221

چکیده

ماست از محصولات لبنی است که اثرات سلامت‌بخشی مانند کنترل مشکلات گوارشی، تحریک سیستم ایمنی و افزایش طول عمر دارد. فیبرها با جذب آب، باعث افزایش حجم غذا و تسهیل دفع می‌شوند. همچنین با افزایش مصرف فیبر، خطر بیماری‌های قلبی و عروقی، چاقی مفرط، دیابت و سرطان روده بزرگ کاهش می‌یابد. کدوسبز از سبزیجاتی است که ویژگی‌هایی مفید مانند اثر بر سطح قند و چربی خون دارد. در این تحقیق اثر افزودن کدوسبز به‌‌صورت پودر و گرانول در سطح‌های 7/0، 4/1 و 2 درصد به ماست هم‌زده بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی-شیمیایی شامل pH، اسیدیته، آب‌اندازی، سفتی بافت، رنگ و ویژگی‌های حسی موردبررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین اثر زمان نگهداری طی 1، 5، 10 و 15 روز بر این ویژگی‌ها ارزیابی گردید. نتایج، بیانگر اثر معنی‌دار نوع، درصد کدوسبز و مدت‌ زمان نگهداری بر pH، اسیدیته و سفتی بافت بود (P<0.05). طی زمان، اسیدیته، افزایش و pH کاهش یافت. در هیچ‌‌یک از تیمارها در طول زمان، آب‌اندازی مشاهده نشد. سفتی بافت نمونه‌های حاوی پودر کدوسبز بیشتر از نمونه‌های حاوی گرانول بود و طی زمان، سفتی بافت افزایش یافت. از روز اول تا روز پنجم، سفتی بافت افزایش یافت و طی روز پنجم به دهم کاهش سفتی مشاهده شد و نهایتاً تا روز پانزدهم سفتی بافت افزایش یافت. اثر نوع، سطح افزودن و اثر متقابل این متغیرها روی تغییرات شاخص‌های L* و a* و b* رنگ معنی‌دار بود (P<0.05). با افزایش درصد کدو شاخص L* ابتدا روند افزایشی و سپس کاهشی داشت و شاخص‌های a* و b* ابتدا روند کاهشی و سپس افزایشی داشتند. روشنی و سبزی رنگ نمونه‌های حاوی گرانول بیشتر از نمونه‌های حاوی پودر بود. مقدار شاخص a* تقریباً در نمونه‌های حاوی گرانول بیشتر از نمونه‌های حاوی پودر بود، درحالی‌که مقدار شاخص b* در نمونه‌های حاوی پودر بیشتر بود. ویژگی‌های حسی نمونه‌ها (رنگ، طعم، رایحه، قوام، احساس دهانی و پذیرش کلی) به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت‌تأثیر ‌زمان افزایش یافت (P<0.05). ارزیاب‌ها تفاوتی در نوع و درصد کدوسبز قائل نشدند و بیشترین امتیاز شاخص‌های حسی در روز پانزدهم بود و نمونه مطلوب ازنظر ارزیاب‌ها، ماست حاوی 4/1 درصد گرانول کدوسبز بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اسیدیته
• بافت
• خواص حسی
• ماست
• کدو سبز

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of adding zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of stirred yogurt during storage

نویسندگان [English]

• Marzieh Salami ¹
• Massoumeh Mehraban Sangatash ²
• Ahmad Ehtiati ²

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, ACECR Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran

² Department of Food Quality and Safety, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, ACECR Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Yogurt is one of the most popular dairy products, which has numerous health effects on human body. Dietary fiber consumption is highly recommended. Fibers are highly hydrophilic and absorb water into the digestive track, increase the volume of food and thereby facilitating excretion. These are some health benefits of these compounds. Consumption of fiber-containing yogurt can be helpful for people who suffer from cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Zucchini, as a vegetable, is a source of fibers and due to its health-promoting effects, can be used in dairy products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different levels of dried zucchini on stirred yogurt during storage.
 
Materials and Methods: The raw materials for the production of the functional yogurt were zucchini, milk, skim milk powder, whey powder, hydrocolloids stabilizer compound and starter culture. Fresh zucchini was hot-air dried at 70 °C for 7 hours. Two forms of the dried zucchini (powder and granule) were added to fresh yogurt at levels of 0.7, 1.4, and 2%. The samples were then tested on days 1, 5, 10 and 15 for acidity (titration method), pH, texture stiffness (back extrusion), syneresis, color (using image processing) and sensory properties, including color, taste, aroma, consistency, mouthfeel and overall acceptance. The experiments were triplicated and analysis of variance was performed using Minitab software at 95% confidence interval. For the significant variables, the means were compared using LSD method. Graphs were drawn using MS-Excel.
 
Results and Discussion: The effects of zucchini form and level of addition, storage time and interaction of these variables were significant (P<0.05) on the titratable acidity, pH and firmness. Over time, pH decreased and acidity increased, which was related to the starter activity and acid production. Due to the use of stabilizer and whey protein, all samples showed no syneresis. The firmness of the samples containing zucchini powder was higher than that of the granule- (P<0.05). This might be related to the homogeneous structure of zucchini fiber, which increased water absorption regarding its lower particle size. Firmness increased from day one to day five, due to the high water absorption of hydrocolloids that bind to free water present in the yogurt structure. The presence of milk proteins and whey protein concentrate in the yogurt formula enhanced crosslinking in the particle gel network, which resulted in a stronger gel structure. During longer storage, firmness decreased from day 5 to day 10, probably was due to the increased pH, which affects the proteins and polysaccharides interaction. The effects of the form and level of zucchini and the interaction between these variables were significant (p <0.05) on the changes in L*, a*, and b*. The L* and a* values which were higher in the samples containing zucchini granules than in the zucchini powder, most probably due to the smaller particle sizes of the powder compared with the granules, causing the number of the powder particles per unit volume to be larger and the powder-containing samples to become darker. In terms of the level of addition, L* increased as the zucchini level rose to 1.4% and then declined to 2%. The sensory properties of all samples were significantly affected by the storage time (P<0.05). With increase in the storage time, all the sensory scores increased. The highest overall acceptance score belonged to the yogurt sample containing 1.4% granule on the 10th day of storage. Overall, zucchini is a good candidate for yogurt fortification. This incorporation results in a greenish yogurt with more health functionalities. The highest overall acceptance score was obtained for the yogurt containing 1.4% zucchini granule on the 10th day of storage (best consumption date) and the results showed acceptable firmness for this sample.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Acidity
• Texture
• Sensory
• Yogurt
• Zicchini

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