بررسی تغییرات ترکیب تقریبی و فاکتورهای فیزیکی ناگت ماهی کپور نقره‏ای ((Hypophthalmichthys molitrix طی سرخ کردن مقدماتی در روغن‏های مختلف گیاهی و دماهای متفاوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سید مهدی اجاق ¹
• بهاره شعبان پور ²
• انیسه جمشیدی ¹
• اعظم صیامیان ¹

¹ گروه فرآوری محصولات شیلاتی، دانشکده شیلات و محیطزیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

² علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان-دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست-گروه فرآوری آبزیان

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v0i0.60213

چکیده

چکیده
در این تحقیق اثر روغن‏های مختلف گیاهی (آفتابگردان، کنجد، زیتون و کانولا) و دماهای متفاوت سرخ کردن (150، 170 و 190 درجه سانتی‏گراد) در مرحله سرخ کردن مقدماتی، بر تغییرات ترکیب تقریبی و فاکتورهای فیزیکی (ویسکوزیته، بازده محصول و چروکیدگی)، رنگ‎سنجی و آنالیز حسی ناگت ماهی تولید شده از کپور نقره‏ای ((Hypophthalmichthys molitrix بررسی شد. ناگت‏های سرخ شده مقدماتی در روغن‏های آفتابگردان و کنجد به‌ترتیب با 89/66 و 67/64 درصد رطوبت بالاتر و با 0/10 و 94/10 درصد جذب روغن کمتری نسبت به نمونه‏های سرخ شده در روغن‏های زیتون و کانولا نشان دادند. ناگت‏های سرخ شده مقدماتی در روغن کانولا با مقدار 16/7 pH، بالاترین مقدار pH و ناگت‏های سرخ شده در روغن زیتون با مقدار 05/15 آب آزاد، کمترین ظرفیت نگهداری آب را نسبت به سایر تیمارهای سرخ شده در روغن‏ها نشان دادند. مقدار بازده محصول در ناگت‏های سرخ شده در روغن‏های زیتون و کانولا و در دماهای 170 و 190 درجه سانتی‏گراد بالاتر بود. مقدار پروتئین و چروکیدگی محصول میان تیمارهای مختلف تفاوت معنی‏داری نشان نداد. با افزایش دمای سرخ کردن به‌ترتیب مقدار شاخص روشنایی کاهش و مقدار شاخص قرمزی افزایش یافت. طبق ارزیابی حسی انجام گرفته مقدار شاخص‏های حسی رنگ، طعم، بو، احساس چربی در دهان، بافت، آبدار بودن و پذیرش کلی میان تیمارها در روغن‏ها و دماهای متفاوت سرخ کردن مقدماتی یکسان بوده و اختلاف معنی‏داری نشان ندادند. طبق نتایج حاصل، میان روغن‏های سرخ‏کردنی، روغن‏های آفتابگردان و کنجد، و میان دماهای مختلف سرخ کردن مقدماتی، دمای 170 درجه سانتی‌گراد از نظر کلیه شاخص‏های اندازه‏گیری شده نتایج بهتری نسبت به دماهای 150 و 190 درجه سانتی‌گراد نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• ناگت ماهی
• سرخ کردن مقدماتی
• روغن‏های گیاهی
• دماهای مختلف
• فاکتورهای فیزیکی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on the changes of approximate composition and physical parameters of nugget of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during the initial frying in several vegetable oils at different temperature levels

نویسندگان [English]

• Seyed Mahdi Ojagh ¹
• Bahareh Shabanpour ²
• Aniseh Jamshidi ¹
• Azam Siyamiyan ¹

¹ Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

² Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources-Faculty of Fisheries and Environment-Aquatic Processing Department

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Value added products are defined as a set of products that are made up of the primary food with the help of different types of human or mechanical processing, and vary in appearance, texture, flavor and odor with their primary substance. One examples of value added products is battered and breaded products. Nuggets are products which are made of mixing mince or surimi with flavored and additive ingredients. The mixture is prepared after battering and being coated with toasted flour. It is then primary fried in oil and after freezing, packaged and stored. Therefore, the consumer only uses the final baking step, which usually involves frying in oil, consuming the product after thawing. Deep fat frying is a common cooking method in which fat is used as a heat transfer medium, during which foods with unique characteristics are produced in terms of taste, texture and appearance. During the frying process, along with shifting and moving the temperature, transferring and moving the material happens. Usually, with increasing frying time, the amount of oil absorption increases, but there is no linear relationship between. The amount of oil absorption depends on several factors such as oil quality, frying time, oil and food temperature, food form, porosity and chemical composition, especially the initial moisture content of the product.In general, fried foods at temperatures between 175 and 190°C have good brittle properties. Temperatures above 175°C may be associated with acrylamide formation, which is a carcinogenic substance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of frying medium (different vegetable oils) and temperature on the variations in the approximate composition and physical parameters of the fried silver carp nugget.

Materials and methods: In order to produce fish nuggets, 87% of minis were mixed with additive and flavoring ingredients, 5% breadcrumbs, 5% onions, 1% garlic, 1.5% salt and 0.5% spices. The mixture was shaped into round shapes and immersed in the glaze with a specific formulation and after dripping the extra glaze was covered with toasted flour. Then, nuggets were prepared using sunflower, olive, canola and sesame oil for 30 seconds at temperatures of 150, 170 and 190 degrees of celsius preheated by frying deep frying and after cooling to room temperature was packed in zipper bags and was frozen at -20°C. After a day, the nuggets were removed from the freezer and after de-damping at ambient temperature, chemical (including approximate analysis, pH measurements, water holding capacity) and physical tests (including viscosity, yield of product, shrinkage, Colorimetric and sensory analysis) were performed on fish nuggets. For physical tests and sensory analysis, nuggets were deep fried in sunflower oil for 3 minutes at 180°C.

Results & Discussion: The findings showed that fried nugget in sunflower oil and sesame oil contained moisture content, yield and high red color index, and oil absorption and yellowness index were less than fried nugget in olive oil and canola. From the temperatures of 150, 170 and 190°C in the primary frying, the temperature of 170°C had the highest moisture content and yield, and the average value of the brightness and redness index was 150 and 190°C. The temperature of 150°C showed lower oil absorption than 170°C and 190°C. According to the sensory evaluation, the sensory indexes of color, taste, smell, fat sensation in the mouth, texture, juiciness and general acceptance of the treatments in different oils and different temperatures of the initial frying were the same and did not show any significant difference. The priority was to select the panel of fried nugget panels in olive oil and prefer the initial frying temperature of 170 and 190°C. According to the results of this study, in terms of physical factors and the rate of absorption, fried nuggets in sunflower and sesame oil were more effective. Between the different temperatures of the initial frying, temperatures of 170°C for all of the measured indexes yielded better results than temperatures of 150 and 190°C.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Fish nugget
• pre-frying temperatures
• Vegetable oils
• differnt temperaturs
• physical factors

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