ارزیابی عملکرد خاک رنگبر حاوی مقادیر افزایش‌یافته اکسیدهای آلومینیوم و منیزیم برخصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی روغن سویا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• بهاره خلیق ¹
• مریم قراچورلو ¹
• پیمانه قاسمی افشار ²

¹ گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

² گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد هیدج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v16i5.82266

چکیده

ناخالصی‌های روغن و ترکیبات رنگی موجود در آن با استفاده از یک جاذب و طی فرآیند رنگبری از روغن خارج می‌شوند. در این تحقیق مقادیر مختلفی از اکسید آلومینیوم و منیزیم به خاک رنگبر تجاری افزوده شد. سپس فعال‌سازی با اسید هیدروکلریک صورت گرفت. رنگبری روغن با افزودن 2 درصد خاک‌های رنگبر متشکل از درصدهای مختلف سیلیس، اکسیدهای آلومینیوم و منیزیم، اکسیدهای آلومینیوم و منیزیم اسیدی و خاک رنگبر تجاری در مقایسه با نمونه شاهد انجام گرفت. مقدار عدد پراکسید، عدد اسیدی، کلروفیل، کاروتنوئید، رنگ زرد و قرمز و مقادیر مس و آهن نمونه‌های رنگبری‌شده تعیین گردید. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که جاذب‌های حاوی اکسیدهای آلومینیوم و منیزیم دارای عملکرد یکسان با خاک رنگبر تجاری در کاهش پراکسید نمونه‌های روغن به میزان‌‌ 3/96- 9/98 درصد بودند. استفاده از جاذب حاوی 95 درصد خاک تجاری و 5 درصد اکسید آلومینیوم اسیدی باعث کاهش 33/33 درصدی اندیس اسیدی شد. جاذب حاوی 90 درصد خاک تجاری و 10 درصد اکسید منیزیم، کلروفیل را به‌میزان 96/65 درصد کاهش داد. با استفاده از جاذب حاوی 90 درصد خاک تجاری و 10 درصد اکسید منیزیم، کاروتنوئید 40/93 درصد کاهش یافت. جاذب‌های حاوی 95 درصد خاک تجاری و 5 درصد اکسید آلومینیوم، 95 درصد خاک تجاری و 5 درصد اکسید منیزیم، 95 درصد خاک تجاری و 5 درصد اکسید منیزیم اسیدی عملکرد یکسانی مشابه خاک تجاری در کاهش رنگ قرمز داشتند. مس و آهن در نمونه رنگبری‌شده با جاذب حاوی 50 درصد خاک تجاری و50 درصد اکسید آلومینیوم و جاذب حاوی 50 درصد خاک تجاری و 50 درصد اکسید منیزیم کاهش 100 درصدی یافتند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد اکسیدهای آلومینیوم و منیزیم می‌تواند عملکرد خاک‌های رنگبر را بهبود دهند، به‌طوری‎که جاذب‌های حاوی نزدیک به 50 درصد اکسیدهای آلومینیوم و منیزیم نتایج بهتری در رنگبری در مقایسه با جاذب تجاری داشته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اکسید آلومینیوم
• اکسید منیزیم
• خاک رنگبر
• روغن سویا
• رنگبری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physical and chemical properties of soybean oil bleached with bleaching earth containing increased amounts of aluminum and magnesium oxides

نویسندگان [English]

• Bahareh Khaligh ¹
• Maryam Gharachorloo ¹
• Peymaneh Ghasemi Afshar ²

¹ Department of Food Science & Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Food Science & Technology, Hidaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The impurities of the oil and its pigments are basically removed from the oil by physical adsorption using an adsorbent during the bleaching process. The bleaching process involves the removal of pigments, impurities, metals and oxidation products. Removal of these substances is essential in oil refining because it improves the stability, appearance and sensory quality of the oil. Activated bleaching earth is the most commonly used adsorbent for purifying and improving the color of fats and oils. The bleaching process of edible oils is important for producing light colored oils with acceptable quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of soybean oil bleached with bleaching earth containing increased amounts of aluminum and magnesium oxides.
 
Material and Methods: Bleaching earth was purchased from Kanisaz Jam Company. Degummed and neutralized soybean oil was obtained from Behshahr Vegetable Oil Company. Different amounts of aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide were added to commercial bleaching earth. Activation of the adsorbents was performed with hydrochloric acid and oil bleached at 110°C for 30 min under vacuum by adding 2% of adsorbent containing different percentages of silica, aluminum and magnesium oxides. A series of physical and chemical tests such as peroxide value, acid value, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, yellow and red colors and amounts of copper and iron were then carried out on the neutralized and bleached oils according to the standard methods. All the experiments and/or measurements were carried out in triplicate. Data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System software package on replicated test data. Analysis of variance was performed by application of an ANOVA procedure. Significant differences between the means were determined using the Duncan multiple range test.
 
Result and Discussion: The results of this study showed that the examined adsorbents reduced the peroxide value to 98.9-96.3%. Application of the adsorbents containing 95% commercial bleaching earth - 5% aluminum oxide and 95% commercial bleaching earth - 5% acidic aluminum oxide reduced the acid value by 33.33% and 26.66%, respectively. The amount of chlorophyll in the control sample was 7.58 mg Pheophytin A/kg oil, which reduced 65.66% by using adsorbent containing 90% commercial bleaching earth and 10% magnesium oxide and reached to 1.90 mg Pheophytin A/kg. The amount of carotenoids in the control sample was 7.88 mg/kg. Using the adsorbent containing 90% commercial bleaching earth and 10% magnesium oxide decreased carotenoids up to 93.40%. Adsorbents containing 95% commercial bleaching earth and 5% aluminum oxide, 95% commercial bleaching earth and 5% magnesium oxide, 95% commercial bleaching earth and 5% acidic magnesium oxide and commercial bleaching earth had the same effect on red color reduction. Yellow color in the oil samples treated with commercial bleaching earth, adsorbent consisting of 90% commercial bleaching earth - 10% aluminum oxide, and adsorbent containing 95% commercial bleaching earth - 5% magnesium oxide was reduced and reached to 38, 50 and 50 Lovibond, respectively as compared to the control sample with yellow color of 70.00 Lovibond. Copper and iron decreased 100% by using adsorbents containing 50% commercial bleaching earth and 50% aluminum oxide or 50% commercial bleaching earth and 50% magnesium oxide.
According to our findings, the addition of aluminum and magnesium oxides to commercial bleaching earth was effective in reduction of peroxide value, acid value, chlorophyll, carotenoid, red and yellow color, copper and iron. Also, the results showed that the best adsorbent contain about 50% aluminum and magnesium oxides. Aluminum and magnesium oxides can improve the performance of bleaching earths.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Aluminum Oxide
• Bleaching
• Magnesium Oxide
• Soybean oil
• Bleaching earth

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