تأثیر پوشش خوراکی بر پایه کیتوزان و پروتئین آب‎پنیر حاوی نانوکامپوزیت‌های زیستی و اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر ماندگاری پنیر فتای فراپالایش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مریم گوهرگانی ¹
• حنان لشکری ²
• علیرضا شیرازی نژاد ¹

¹ گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد سروستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سروستان، ایران.

² گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد زرین دشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زرین دشت، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v17i5.88681

چکیده

در طی سال‌های اخیر تمایل به استفاده از فیلم‌ها و پوشش‌های خوراکی ضدمیکروبی افزایش یافته است که این امر باعث افزایش کیفیت، ایمنی و زمان ماندگاری مواد غذایی گردیده است. در این پژوهش از پوشش ایزوله پروتئین آب‌پنیر و کیتوزان به نسبت 30:70، حاوی نانوکامپوزیت‌های زیستی دی‎اکسید تیتانیوم (TiO₂، 1 و 2%) و اسانس آویشن شیرازی (1%) جهت افزایش ماندگاری پنیر فتای فراپالایش استفاده شد. نمونه‌های پنیر تحت آزمون‌های مختلف میکروبی، فیزیکوشیمیایی و حسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که نانوذرات  TiO₂ و اسانس آویشن شیرازی موجب کاهش قابل‌توجه شمارش کلی باکتری‌ها، اسید لاکتیک باکتری‌ها و کلی‌فرم‌ها با افزایش دوره نگهداری شدند. همچنین تعداد کپک و مخمر در نمونه شاهد نسبت به سایر تیمارها با گذشت زمان افزایش یافت. درحالی‌که تیمارهای حاوی اسانس در طی ذخیره‌سازی فاقد کپک و مخمر بودند. ارزیابی فیزیکوشیمیایی نشان داد که درصد رطوبت، چربی، pH، در تمامی پنیرهای پوشش‌داده‌شده کاهش، اسیدیته و سفتی بافت افزایش یافت. ارزیابی حسی پنیرهای فتای فراپالایش نشان داد که عطر، طعم و مقبولیت کلی پنیرهای پوشش‌داده‌شده در مقایسه با پنیر داخل آب‌نمک بهبود پیدا کرده است، درحالی‌که در پنیرهای پوشش‌داده‌شده حاوی اسانس به‌دلیل اثر منفی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر خواص ارگانولپتیکی پنیر، مقبولیت کلی به‌طور قابل‌توجهی کمتر شد. جهت ارزیابی اثرات مهارکنندگی تیمارهای مختلف پوشش کامپوزیتی بر جمعیت لیستریا مونوسیتوژنزهای تلقیحی در پنیر فراپالایش، از آن‌ها فیلم تهیه شد و قدرت بازدارندگی فیلم‌های کامپوزیتی بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که فیلم‌های کامپوزیتی به‌ویژه فیلم‌های حاوی اسانس به‌طور محسوسی جمعیت لیستریا مونوسیتوژنز را با افزایش دوره نگهداری کاهش دادند. درنتیجه، فیلم‌های کامپوزیتی حاوی نانوذرات و اسانس آویشن می‌توانند در سیستم‌های بسته‌بندی مواد غذایی به‌ویژه برای پنیر فتای فراپالایش به‌کار گرفته شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اسانس آویشن شیرازی
• ایزوله پروتئین آب‌پنیر
• پنیر فتا فراپالایش
• پوشش‌دهی
• کیتوزان
• نانوذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم

موضوعات

• فناوری مواد غذایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of chitosan-whey protein based edible coating containing bionanocomposite material and Zataria multiflora essential oil on UF-Feta type cheese shelf life

نویسندگان [English]

• Maryam Gohargani ¹
• Hannan Lashkari ²
• Alireza Shirazinejad ¹

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, Sarvestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarvestan, Iran.

² Department of Food Science and Technology, Zarindasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarindasht, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: In recent years, the tendency to use antimicrobial edible film and coating has increased, which has increased the quality, safety and shelf life of food. Cheese is one of the most important dairy products that has a special nutritional value in human nutrition. UF-Feta cheese, which is a type of cheese, is contaminated by microorganisms such as coliforms, spore-forming bacteria and lactose-fermenting yeasts. The causative agent of listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes, is transmitted through the consumption of cheese. In this study, the effect of composite edible coating based on chitosan and whey protein containing titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles and Zataria multiflora essential oil on shelf life, microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of UF-Feta type cheese was investigated.  Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of films from coating solutions on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes was also investigated.
 
Materials and Methods: Chitosan, whey protein isolate (WPI) (higher than 91% protein), Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO), TiO₂ nanoparticles, and glycerol were procured from Bio Basic (Canada), Hilmar Canada, Barij-Essence Co. (Iran), Acros Co. (USA), and Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively. In order to prepare the coatings, a solution of WPI and chitosan was prepared separately. Whey protein suspension (3%, w/v) was made by dispersing WPI in DDW subsequently heated at 90°C for 30 min at pH value of 8.0 and then cooled rapidly. Chitosan solution (10 g/L) was made by dispersing chitosan in 2% (v/v) acetic acid solution with constant mixing for 3 h at 60°C. Based on preliminary experiments, whey protein–chitosan suspension was made using blending two polymer suspensions at constant ratio of WPI/chitosan (70:30) and mixed magnetically for 15 min at 25ºC. In the next step, TiO₂ NPs (1 and 2% w/w) were incorporated and after mixing for 15 min, glycerol (30% w/w) was incorporated to the composite suspension and again stirred for 30 min. Next, ZEO (0 and 1% v/v) was incorporated into the composites suspension and sonicated for 30 min with power of 100 W.
To produce cheese samples, milk was subjected to bactofogation, pasteurization (76°C for 15 seconds), ultrafiltration and then the retentate was homogenized at a pressure of 70 bars. By adding a starter culture (10 units /1000 L), the pH of the retentate was decreased to 6.2. Then, rennet (0.004 g/ 100 g) and salt (2 g/ 100 kg) were mixed with water and added to the cheese container. Retentate was transferred to a coagulation tunnel at 37 ° C for 30 minutes to form a coagulum.  After incubation, the coating solutions were sprayed on the clot using a spray device equipped with a spray gun and packed with aluminum foil. Finally, the samples were stored at 4°C. Samples were subjected to microbiological tests (contaminating microbes and starters), physicochemical (fat, titratable acidity, pH, and moisture content, texture analysis) and sensory evaluation at different ripening periods (3 to 60 days). To evaluate the growth inhibitory of Listeria monocytogenes on the surface of cheese by composite films, pieces of cheese (23× 21× 1.7 mm) were first cut under aseptic conditions and their upper surface was inoculated with 40 μl of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC19115) until the initial bacterial count was about 3.5 log cfu /g. The composite films placed on the surface of the inoculated cheese and stored at 4°C. Film-inoculated cheese samples were used as a control. Microbial counts were done at intervals of days 0, 3, 8, 11, 14. Data analyzed with SPSS software and means were compared with Duncan multiple range test.
 
Results and Discussion: The results showed that TiO₂ NPs and ZEO significantly reduced total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria and coliforms compared to control with increasing storage period. Mold and yeast colonies also increased considerably over time in the control compared to the nanoparticle-treated samples, while the While in treatments containing ZEO did not grow at all. Physicochemical analysis exhibited that the content of moisture, fat, and pH of all cheeses decreased, acidity and texture hardness increased. Sensory evaluation of UF-Feta cheeses showed that the aroma, taste and overall acceptability of the control and nanoparticle-containing coatings improved compared to the brine-treated cheese. Nevertheless, in the coating samples containing ZEO due to the negative effect of the essential oil on the organoleptic properties of cheese, consumer acceptance was significantly reduced. On the other hand, the use of composite films to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on the surface of UF-Feta cheese at 4 °C for 14 days showed that composite films, especially films containing ZEO, had a significant effect on the reduction of the Listeria monocytogenes population. As a conclusion, composite films containing TiO₂ NPs and ZEO could be applied in food packaging systems, particularly at the UF-Feta cheese packaging.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Zataria multiflora essential oil
• Whey protein isolate
• UF-Feta Cheese
• Coating
• Chitosan
• TiO2 nanoparticles

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