ارزیابی ویژگی‏ های فیزیکوشیمیایی و بافتی پنیر پیتزای تقلیدی کم چرب و کم‌سدیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی لاتین

نویسندگان

• معصومه مهربان سنگ آتش ¹
• مریم دادرس مقدم ²
• سید علی مرتضوی ³
• هانیه یاربی ³

¹ گروه پژوهشی کیفیت و ایمنی مواد غذایی، پژوهشکده علوم و فناوری مواد غذایی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران

² گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران

³ گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.2023.84481.1283

چکیده

رشد روزافزون بیماری‏های قلبی عروقی، فشار خون بالا، سفت شدن دیواره رگ‏ها و همچنین چاقی در بسیاری از کشورها، پنیر پیتزای کم‌چرب و کم‌سدیم را به یکی از موضوعات مورد مطالعه در سراسر جهان تبدیل کرده است. اثرات چهار متغیر مستقل شامل اینولین (025/0-0 درصد)، نشاسته پیش‌ژلاتینه (5/0- 0 درصد)،NaCl  (1-35/0 درصد) وKCl  (1-35/0 درصد) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. محتوای چربی پنیر پیتزای تقلیدی با افزایش سطوح جایگزینی اینولین و نشاسته به‌طور قابل توجهی به 91/11 درصد کاهش یافت (05/0 > P). همچنین مقادیر رطوبت و pH آن به‌طور معنی‏داری متفاوت بود (05/0> p). افزایش سطوح نشاسته پیش‌ژلاتینه شده و اینولین باعث کاهش سختی (از 04/5 به 55/3) و چسبندگی (از 89/4368 به 54/1640 درصد) شد، اما چسبندگی (از 365/0 به 43/0) و فنریت (از 5/0 به 4/0) را افزایش داد. افزودن NaCl و KCl، سختی محصول را افزایش داد. افزودن اینولین و نشاسته، ^*a را کاهش داده‌اند. ^*b با افزایش اینولین کاهش می‌یابد و با افزایش نشاسته اصلاح شده افزایش می‌یابد. فرمول حاوی 19/0 درصد اینولین، 4/0 درصد نشاسته پیش‌ژلاتینه، 35/0 درصد NaCl و 5/0 درصد KCl به‌عنوان فرمولاسیون بهینه برای پنیر تقلیدی کم‌چرب یافت شد. نتایج تصاویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) نشان داد که کریستال‌های اینولین در فاز پیوسته انباشته شده‌اند که می‌تواند منجر به تغییرات مهمی در ویژگی‌های حسی و بافتی شود. این مطالعه به این نتیجه رسید که اینولین یا نشاسته را می‌توان برای جایگزینی تا 6/3 درصد از چربی موجود در پنیر پیتزا تقلیدی و 35/0 درصد NaCl و 5/0 درصد KCl برای کاهش محتوای سدیم محصول استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اینولین
• بهینه ‏سازی
• پنیر پیتزای تقلیدی
• نشاسته پری‏ژلاتینه

موضوعات

• فناوری مواد غذایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Low-Fat and Low Sodium Imitation Pizza Cheese

نویسندگان [English]

• Massoumeh Mehraban Sangatash ¹
• Maryam Dadras-Moghadam ²
• Seyed Ali Mortazavi ³
• Hanieh Yarabbi ³

¹ Food Quality and Safety Research Department, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, ACECR, Razavi Khorasan Province, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar, Sabzevar, Iran

³ Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

The increasing growth of cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, and hardening of the vessel walls as well as obesity in many countries has made low-fat and low sodium pizza cheese one of the subjects of study all over the world. The effects of four important independent variables including inulin (0-0.025 %), pre-gelatinized starch (0-0.5 %), NaCl (0.35-1%), and KCl (0.35-1%) were studied. The fat content of imitation pizza cheese was significantly decreased to 11.91% with the increased levels of inulin and starch substitution (p<0.05). Also, its moisture and pH values were significantly different (p < 0.05). The increased levels of pre-gelatinized starch and inulin reduced hardness (from 5.04 to 3.55) and adhesiveness (from 4368.89% to 1640.54%), however, increased cohesiveness (from 0.365 to 0.43) and springiness (from 0.456 to 0.545). NaCl and KCl increased the hardness of the product. Inulin and starch led to decrease the a* value. The b* value decreases with the increase of inulin and increases with the increase of modified starch. The formulation containing 0.19% inulin, 0.4% pre-gelatinized starch, 0.35% NaCl, and 0.50% KCl was found as the optimal formulation for low-fat imitation cheese. Results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that inulin crystals were accumulated in the continuous phase, which this can lead to important changes in the sensory and textural properties. The study concludes that inulin or starch can be used to replace up to 3.6% of fat in the imitation pizza cheese and 0.35% NaCl-0.50% KCl to lower the sodium content of the product.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Imitation pizza cheese
• Inulin
• Optimization
• Pre-gelatinized starch

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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