نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی لاتین
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 قطب علمی هیدروکلوئیدهای طبیعی بومی ایران، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 گروه فیزیک اتمی و مولکولی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
چکیده
علیرغم کشت گسترده واریتههای سویا در مناطق مختلف ایران، تاکنون ویژگیهای عملکردی این واریتهها مورد بررسی قرار نگرفتهاند. در این پژوهش، ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی، عملکردی و رئولوژیکی ایزولههای پروتئینی چهار واریته سویا شامل کتول، سحر، تِلار و ساری، که بیشترین سطح زیر کشت در ایران را دارند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آنالیز آماری نتایج نشان داد بین واریتههای مختلف تفاوت معنیداری (p<0.05) از نظر رطوبت، خاکستر، پروتئین و چربی وجود دارد، بهطوریکه ایزوله حاصل از واریته کتول بالاترین میزان پروتئین (90.75%) و کمترین میزان چربی (3.67%) را دارا بودند. آبگریزی سطحی بهطور قابل توجهی بین واریتههای مختلف متفاوت بود و سحر بیشترین مقدار (a.u.30.360) را نشان داد. حلالیت پروتئین در ایزولههای کتول (69.43%) بیشترین مقدار را داشت که بر ویژگیهای عملکردی مانند امولسیونکنندگی و کفکنندگی تأثیر میگذارد. ظرفیت جذب آب (WAC) و ظرفیت جذب روغن (OAC) تفاوتهای قابل توجهی داشتند، بهطوریکه تِلار بالاترین ظرفیت جذب روغن g/mL 2.42 را نشان داد. خواص امولسیونسازی، از جمله پایداری امولسیون (ES) و ظرفیت امولسیونکنندگی (EC)، در ایزولههای پروتئینی ساری و کتول بیشترین بود. خواص کفکنندگی نیز تفاوتهای قابل توجهی داشتند و کتول بالاترین ظرفیت کفکنندگی (180.50%) و پایداری کف را بهدلیل محتوای بالای پروتئین خود نشان داد. آنالیزهای رئولوژیکی نشان داد که واریته کتول دارای بالاترین شاخص قوام (K) و خواص شل شوندگی با برش است، در حالیکه واریته سحر رفتار جریانی نزدیک به سیال نیوتنی را نشان میدهد. مطالعات ژلسازی نیز نشان داد که کتول با کمترین غلظت ژلهای شدن (10%) بهعنوان کارآمدترین واریته ظاهر شد. این یافتهها تأثیر واریته سویا را بر ویژگیهای عملکردی ایزولههای پروتئینی نشان میدهند و کاربردهای بالقوهای را در محصولات غذایی مختلف، بسته به ویژگیهای عملکردی موردنظر، پیشنهاد میکنند.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Physicochemical, Functional and Rheological Properties of Soy Protein Isolates Prepared with Various Iranian Soybean Cultivars
نویسندگان [English]
- Behdad Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh 1
- Mehdi Varidi 1
- Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi 1 2
- Farshad Sohbatzadeh 3
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Center of Excellence in Native Natural Hydrocolloids of Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box: 91775 - 1163, Mashhad, Iran
3 Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
چکیده [English]
Soybeans, a prominent legume, offer substantial health benefits due to their rich and beneficial nutritional profile. However, the food sector requires improved protein functions. The functional and physicochemical characteristics of isolates from four widely grown soybean cultivars in Iran, namely Katul, Sahar, Tellar, and Sari, were examined in this research. The proximate analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) among the cultivars in moisture, ash, protein, and fat contents, with Katul isolates showing the highest protein (90.75%) and lowest fat (3.67%) content. Color analysis indicated significant variations in brightness (L*), with Katul isolates being the brightest due to lower fat and ash content. Surface hydrophobicity varied significantly among cultivars, with Sahar showing the highest value (360.30 a.u.). Protein solubility was highest for Katul protein isolate (69.43%), influencing functional properties like emulsification and foaming. Cultivar-specific differences were observed in both water absorption capacity (WAC) and oil absorption capacity (OAC), with Tellar exhibiting the highest OAC (2.42 g/mL). Emulsifying properties, evaluated through emulsion stability (ES) and emulsion capacity (EC), were highest for Sari and Katul protein isolates. Foaming properties varied significantly among the samples, so that Katul protein isolate exhibiting the highest foaming capacity (180.50%) and foaming stability (66.3%), likely attributed to its high protein content. Rheological analyses revealed that Katul had the highest consistency index (K) and shear-thinning properties, while Sahar exhibited a more Newtonian-like flow behavior. Gelation studies identified Katul as the most efficient, with the lowest gelling concentration (10%), compared to Sahar’s highest value (14%). These findings demonstrate the effect of soybean cultivar on the compositional and functional characteristics of protein isolates, suggesting potential applications in various food products depending on desired functional characteristics.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Cultivar
- Functionality
- Plant protein
- Soybean
©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
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