با همکاری انجمن علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی لاتین

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 قطب علمی هیدروکلوئیدهای طبیعی بومی ایران، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه فیزیک اتمی و مولکولی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

چکیده

علی‌رغم کشت گسترده واریته‌های سویا در مناطق مختلف ایران، تاکنون ویژگی‌های عملکردی این واریته‌ها مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته‌اند. در این پژوهش، ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی، عملکردی و رئولوژیکی ایزوله‌های پروتئینی چهار واریته سویا شامل کتول، سحر، تِلار و ساری، که بیشترین سطح زیر کشت در ایران را دارند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آنالیز آماری نتایج نشان داد بین واریته‌های مختلف تفاوت معنی‌داری (p<0.05) از نظر رطوبت، خاکستر، پروتئین و چربی وجود دارد، به‌طوری‌که ایزوله‌ حاصل از واریته کتول بالاترین میزان پروتئین (90.75%) و کمترین میزان چربی (3.67%) را دارا بودند. آب‌گریزی سطحی به‌طور قابل توجهی بین واریته‌­های مختلف متفاوت بود و سحر بیشترین مقدار (a.u.30.360) را نشان داد. حلالیت پروتئین در ایزوله‌های کتول (69.43%) بیشترین مقدار را داشت که بر ویژگی‌های عملکردی مانند امولسیون‌کنندگی و کف‌کنندگی تأثیر می‌گذارد. ظرفیت جذب آب (WAC) و ظرفیت جذب روغن (OAC) تفاوت‌های قابل توجهی داشتند، به‌طوری‌که تِلار بالاترین ظرفیت جذب روغن g/mL 2.42 را نشان داد. خواص امولسیون‌سازی، از جمله پایداری امولسیون (ES) و ظرفیت امولسیون‌کنندگی (EC)، در ایزوله‌های پروتئینی ساری و کتول بیشترین بود. خواص کف‌کنندگی نیز تفاوت‌های قابل توجهی داشتند و کتول بالاترین ظرفیت کف‌کنندگی (180.50%) و پایداری کف را به‌دلیل محتوای بالای پروتئین خود نشان داد. آنالیزهای رئولوژیکی نشان داد که واریته کتول دارای بالاترین شاخص قوام (K) و خواص شل شوندگی با برش است، در حالی‌که واریته سحر رفتار جریانی نزدیک به سیال نیوتنی را نشان می‌دهد. مطالعات ژل‌سازی نیز نشان داد که کتول با کمترین غلظت ژله‌ای شدن (10%) به‌عنوان کارآمدترین واریته ظاهر شد. این یافته‌ها تأثیر واریته سویا را بر ویژگی‌های عملکردی ایزوله‌های پروتئینی نشان می‌دهند و کاربردهای بالقوه‌ای را در محصولات غذایی مختلف، بسته به ویژگی‌های عملکردی موردنظر، پیشنهاد می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physicochemical, Functional and Rheological Properties of Soy Protein Isolates Prepared with Various Iranian Soybean Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behdad Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh 1
  • Mehdi Varidi 1
  • Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi 1 2
  • Farshad Sohbatzadeh 3

1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Center of Excellence in Native Natural Hydrocolloids of Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box: 91775 - 1163, Mashhad, Iran

3 Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

چکیده [English]

Soybeans, a prominent legume, offer substantial health benefits due to their rich and beneficial nutritional profile. However, the food sector requires improved protein functions. The functional and physicochemical characteristics of isolates from four widely grown soybean cultivars in Iran, namely Katul, Sahar, Tellar, and Sari, were examined in this research. The proximate analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) among the cultivars in moisture, ash, protein, and fat contents, with Katul isolates showing the highest protein (90.75%) and lowest fat (3.67%) content. Color analysis indicated significant variations in brightness (L*), with Katul isolates being the brightest due to lower fat and ash content. Surface hydrophobicity varied significantly among cultivars, with Sahar showing the highest value (360.30 a.u.). Protein solubility was highest for Katul protein isolate (69.43%), influencing functional properties like emulsification and foaming. Cultivar-specific differences were observed in both water absorption capacity (WAC) and oil absorption capacity (OAC), with Tellar exhibiting the highest OAC (2.42 g/mL). Emulsifying properties, evaluated through emulsion stability (ES) and emulsion capacity (EC), were highest for Sari and Katul protein isolates. Foaming properties varied significantly among the samples, so that Katul protein isolate exhibiting the highest foaming capacity (180.50%) and foaming stability (66.3%), likely attributed to its high protein content. Rheological analyses revealed that Katul had the highest consistency index (K) and shear-thinning properties, while Sahar exhibited a more Newtonian-like flow behavior. Gelation studies identified Katul as the most efficient, with the lowest gelling concentration (10%), compared to Sahar’s highest value (14%). These findings demonstrate the effect of soybean cultivar on the compositional and functional characteristics of protein isolates, suggesting potential applications in various food products depending on desired functional characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivar
  • Functionality
  • Plant protein
  • Soybean

©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

  1. Abbou, A., Kadri, N., Debbache, N., Dairi, S., Remini, H., Dahmoune, F., Berkani, F., Adel, K., Belbahi, A., & Madani, K. (2019). Effect of precipitation solvent on some biological activities of polysaccharides from Pinus halepensis Mill. seeds. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 141, 663-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.266
  2. Adebowale, K., & Lawal, O. (2003). Foaming, gelation and electrophoretic characteristics of mucuna bean (Mucuna pruriens) protein concentrates. Food Chemistry, 83(2), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00086-4
  3. Aguilera, Y., Estrella, I., Benitez, V., Esteban, R. M., & Martín-Cabrejas, M. A. (2011). Bioactive phenolic compounds and functional properties of dehydrated bean flours. Food Research International, 44(3), 774-780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.004
  4. (1990). Official methods of analysis (15th ed.). Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  5. Barac, M., Cabrilo, S., Pesic, M., Stanojevic, S., Zilic, S., Macej, O., & Ristic, N. (2010). Profile and functional properties of seed proteins from six pea (Pisum sativum) genotypes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(12), 4973-4990. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11124973
  6. Boye, J., Zare, F., & Pletch, A. (2010). Pulse proteins: Processing, characterization, functional properties and applications in food and feed. Food Research International43(2), 414-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.003
  7. Boye, J.I., Aksay, S., Roufik, S., Ribereau, S., Mondor, M., & Farnworth, E., (2010). Comparison of the functional properties of pea, chickpea and lentil protein concentrates processed using ultrafiltration and isoelectric precipitation techniques. Food Research International, 43, 537–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.021
  8. Chandi, G.K., & Sogi, D. (2007). Functional properties of rice bran protein concentrates. Journal of Food Engineering, 79(2), 592-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.02.018
  9. Cserhalmi, Z., Czukor, B., & Gajzágó-Schuster, I. (1998). Emulsifying properties, surface hydrophobicity and thermal denaturation of pea protein fractions. Acta Alimentaria (Budapest), 27(4), 357-363
  10. Cui, L., Bandillo, N., Wang, Y., Ohm, J.-B., Chen, B., & Rao, J. (2020). Functionality and structure of yellow pea protein isolate as affected by cultivars and extraction pH. Food Hydrocolloids, 108, 106008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106008
  11. Ding, X., Zeng, N., Zhang, G., Pan, J., Hu, X., & Gong, D. (2019). Influence of transglutaminase‐assisted ultrasound treatment on the structure and functional properties of soy protein isolate. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 43(11), e14203. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14203
  12. Fasolin, L.H., Pereira, R., Pinheiro, A., Martins, J., Andrade, C., Ramos, O., & Vicente, A. (2019). Emergent food proteins–Towards sustainability, health and innovation. Food Research International, 125, 108586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108586
  13. Feyzi, S., Varidi, M., Zare, F., & Varidi, M.J. (2015). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seed protein isolate: extraction optimization, amino acid composition, thermo and functional properties. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture95(15), 3165-3176. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7056
  14. Guldiken, B., Konieczny, D., Wang, N., Hou, A., House, J.D., Tu, K., Rosendahl, S., Lavier, M., & Nickerson, M.T. (2021). Effect of variety and environment on the physicochemical, functional, and nutritional properties of navy bean flours. European Food Research and Technology, 247(7), 1745-1756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-021-03745-7
  15. Henchion, M., Hayes, M., Mullen, A.M., Fenelon, M., & Tiwari, B. (2017). Future protein supply and demand: strategies and factors influencing a sustainable equilibrium. Foods, 6(7), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6070053
  16. Kinsella, J.E., & Melachouris, N. (1976). Functional properties of proteins in foods: a survey. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 7(3), 219-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408397609527208
  17. Liu, Q., Geng, R., Zhao, J., Chen, Q., & Kong, B. (2015). Structural and gel textural properties of soy protein isolate when subjected to extreme acid pH-shifting and mild heating processes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(19), 4853-4861. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01331
  18. Nielsen, S.S., Wrolstad, R.E., & Smith, D.E. (2010). Color analysis. Food Analysis, 573-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1478-1_32
  19. Siddiq, M., Ravi, R., Harte, J., & Dolan, K. (2010). Physical and functional characteristics of selected dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) flours. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 43(2), 232-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2009.07.009
  20. Singh, P., Kumar, R., Sabapathy, S., & Bawa, A. (2008). Functional and edible uses of soy protein products. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 7(1), 14-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00025.x
  21. Soral-Smietana, M., Swigon, A., Amarowicz, R., & Sijtsma, L. (1998). Chemical composition, microstructure and physico-chemical characteristics of two commercial pea protein isolates. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(07), 193-200.
  22. Steffe, J.F. (1996). Rheological methods in food process engineering. East Lansing, MI: Freeman Press.
  23. Sui, X., Zhang, T., & Jiang, L. (2021). Soy protein: Molecular structure revisited and recent advances in processing technologies. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 12(1), 119-147. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-062220-104405
  24. Wani, I.A., Sogi, D.S., Wani, A.A., & Gill, B.S. (2013). Physico-chemical and functional properties of flours from Indian kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 53(1), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.02.006
  25. Westhoek, H., Rood, T., Van den Berg, M., Janse, J., Nijdam, D., Reudink, M., Stehfest, E., Lesschen, J., Oenema, O., & Woltjer, G. (2011). The protein puzzle: the consumption and production of meat, dairy and fish in the European Union. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
  26. Yada, R.Y. (2017). Proteins in food processing. Woodhead Publishing.
  27. Yancheshmeh, B.S., Marvdashti, L.M., Emadi, A., Abdolshahi, A., Ebrahimi, A., & Shariatifar, N. (2022). Evaluation of physicochemical and functional properties of Vicia villosa seed protein. Food Analytical Methods, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-021-02185-z
  28. Zheng, L., Regenstein, J.M., Zhou, L., & Wang, Z. (2022). Soy protein isolates: A review of their composition, aggregation, and gelation. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 21(2), 1940-1957. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12925
  29. Zhu, Y., Fu, S., Wu, C., Qi, B., Teng, F., Wang, Z., Li, Y., & Jiang, L. (2020). The investigation of protein flexibility of various soybean cultivars in relation to physicochemical and conformational properties. Food Hydrocolloids, 103, 105709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105709
CAPTCHA Image